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形容总结的词语
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【形容的语】形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形容词/副词形容词的定义:形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或 特征。一般来说，中文意思是D……的‖的词是形容词形 容词的用法 形容词的用法 1.什么是形容词？ 形容词用来修饰______，表示______的属性，一般放在 它所修饰_____________。2.形容词所做的成分 ㈠形容词在中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。（在句中的位置） 例如1） （ .一般放在 be 或连系动词 （五个感官动词 look, feel ,smell, taste, sound；三个变得 turn get, 保 持 keep, seem 等）的后面做表语.Thefishwentbad.（作表 语）①The dictionary is very useful and helpful to all of us. ②She looks happy today because she got an A in the test. （2）放在名词前作定语，修饰名词。Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.（作定语） This is a very useful and helpful dictionary. 注意：形容词修饰名词，放在名词的前面；当形容 词修饰由 some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时 （something,anything,nothing,everything）,形容词要放在 这些不定代词的之后. else 要放在疑问代词或复合不定词 之后。如：Did you see anybody else? e.g. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ? I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. （3）做宾语补足语，常用在下面动词后：keep, make, find, feel, think 等等。常见句型有：keep sth. +adj. make sb.+adj. find/feel/think it +adj. to do sth. Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.（作宾语补足语） We should keep the windows open to let the fresh air in. What the boy does makes his parents happy. You will find it rather easy to work out the math problems. 实例：The little boy is lovely. （1.放 be,seem,look,get 等 连系动词后作表语） The news made us sad. （2.放在宾语后作宾语补足语） This is a nice room （3.作定语,放在修饰的名词前） I have something important to tell you. （4.作定语，放在 不定代词之后） She is five years old . （5.deep, long, high, tall, away, wide 作定语时放在名词之后） The rich should help the poor . （5.与 the 连用，表示某类 人或物）注意：表示长、宽、高、深和年龄的形容词， 应放在相应的名词之后．e.g. He is six years old. The river is 200 meters long. The tree is 20 meters tall.1方园辅导副词的定义：副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或 其他结构。中文意思是D……地‖的词是副词。副词的用法 1.什么是副词？ 副词用来修饰______、形容词和其它副词等，说明时间、 地点、程度、方式等。实例：It rained heavily. （修饰动词,放在动词之后） The book is quite good . (修饰形容词,放在形容词之前) He sings quite well . （修饰副词,放在副词之前） 2.副词在句中所做的成分 ㈠副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语（副词在句中的位置） 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语， 则放在宾语之后。例如：Hestudiesveryhard.（作状语） Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动 词，助动词和 be 动词之后。例如：She is seldom ill. He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但 enough 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. 4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Life here is full of joy.（作定语）On my way home,I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.5）一些表示地点的副词可以作表语 Is anybody here? Is he in?When will you be back?（作表语） He is back(back 是副词)。light isn still on (on 是副词)。The 3. 副词的构成A.本身就是副词now, there, rather 如由形容词加词尾 ly 变来，如：happily, firmly, luckily C. 与形容词同形 adj. adv early(早的) early（早） high（高的） high（高高地） long（长的，长久的） long （长久地） 注意enough 修饰名词时，放在名词前， 但修饰形容 词和副词时则要放在他们的后面Here we have enough chairs for each student. He is working hard enough to catch up with his classmates. 小练习：1.动词+副词 动词后如有宾语，副词放在宾 语后面 She speaks English ____(good, well). 2. quite a + 形容词 + 名词 a + very / rather +形容词+名词 一个相当不错的女孩 quite a good girl a very / rather good girl3．the+形容词（表示一类人或物） ，谓语用复数 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 The rich should help the poor. the rich the poor the wounded the old the young the blind the injured the disabled 4． 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整 体，与动词的复数连用， the British，the English， the French，the Chinese 5．用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般 把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每，无论男人、妇女，老人和年轻人 应该参加会议。限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老， 6．形容词前的 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。修饰词的顺序即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋ 描绘性形容词 (beautiful, interesting…)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形 状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容 词＋用途、类别形容词＋ 中心名词。a(an)+修饰性形+size+shape+age+ 方园辅导 colour+出处+材料+用途+中心词 7． Well 作形容词时, 只表示健康状况.She’ been ill a lot s recently but she’s looking very well now. 8． .貌似副词的形容词lonely； friendly； lively； lovely silly, likely, deadly, daily, weekly, monthly 9．修饰比较级常用 even, much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any 等.He is much stronger than the boy on the floor. This problem is far more difficult than that one. This ruler is a little longer than that one.名词变形容词：1. 天气：cloud(y), sun(ny), wind(y), ice(y) 2. 称谓：friend(ly), mother(ly), brother(ly) 3. 表情感：care (ful), hope(ful), use(ful), luck(y) health(y), noise(y), care(less), hope(less).3．副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前 副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在 名词前后都可。He didn’t work _____ _____(足够努力） We have _____ _____(足够时间）. I have got enough books.=I have got books enough. 4. good & wellgood （形容词）well （副词）只有表身体好才用作形容词5. too, either & also D也‖ also (_____, _____) too （肯定，句末）either (______, ____) 练习 1 Tony is ____ boy. A. a quite smart B. very a smart C. quite a smart 2. It is raining _____. A. heavy B. heavily C. big 3. Bill is running ____ catch up others. A. enough quickly B. quick enoughC. quickly enough 4. I have never been there, ____.A.too B.either C. also 3. 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类1) 时 间 副 词 通 常 用 来 表 示 动 作 的 时 间 。常 见 的 nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldo m,sometimes,often,usually,always 等。例如He often comes to school late. He is never been to Beijing. What are we going to do tomorrow? 2)地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的 here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywher e,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out 等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中 绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的,有少数方 式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词 anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,sud denly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,sl ow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide 等。例如The old man walked home slowly. The birds are flying high. Please listen to the teacher carefully. He runs very fast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来 修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,grea tly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly 等。例如Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问 副词有：how,when,where,why 等。例如How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday?还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词①用作介词Stand up! 起立！②用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上 It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。10.表语形容词 通 常 只 作 表 语 的 形 容 词 有 well ,alone ,ashamed ,glad ,sure ,unable ,asleep ,awake , alive ,alike , afraid 等。上述形容词不能作前置定语，但 alive , asleep 可作后置定语。He is the greatest poet alive 如 只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）My brother is elder. （误）形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事） 怎么样” 。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如 good， kind， nice， polite ， clever ， foolish ， lazy ， careful， careless， right（正确的） ，wrong 等。It’s very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来 2 了树。3）以 where 构成的副词也是地点副词说怎么样” 。=To do sth is adj for sb .4.部分常用副词的用法 1)very,much 这两个副词都可表示“很” ，但用法不同。注意：这一句型中常用的 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形 容 词 有 important ， Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much 用来修饰 necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe， 形容词和副词的比较级。修饰动词要用 very much. useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible 等。例如is a very nice girl I’ feeling much better now. She m It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. Much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.） I don’t like the idea much.They did not talk much. 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词， glad， 如 pleased， sad， 练习 1.John is ____ honest. Thank you _____. thankful 等常接不定式。This garden is_____ bigger than that one. I’m very sad to hear the bad news. 2)also，too，as well 与 either 的区别 4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如 ready（乐意的，有 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also 常用于 be 动词， 准备的） ，able（有能力的） ，sure（一定） ，certain 情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too 用 （一定）等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to 于句末；either 用于否定句中，置于句末。help others. 例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher. He is sure to get to school on time. 4 =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher ______. 形容词的分类：通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述 形容词两类 =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_____. 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。I can’ speak French??Jenny can’ speak French， t t _____. 2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这 She can dance,and I can dance,too. 类形容词大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。这类形 I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either. 容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：afraid， 练习 1.Mary won’t go and Peter won’t go ________. asleep, awake，alone 等。2.I didn’t sing that song ______. 3.He sings and ______ paints sometimes. 形容词的种类 1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表 4.He comes from Japan, me ______. 示人或物的品质，如：The play was boring. 那出戏很枯 3)already,yetalready 一般用于语肯定句，yet 一般用于否 燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。定句疑问句中。例如：Have you heard from him yet? 2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如He has already left. He hasn’t answered yet. She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。The tea is already cold.茶已经凉了.The tea is still hot.茶还 3. -ing 形容词有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词， 是热的.Is the tea cold yet? 茶已经冷了吗? 4. Ced 形容词它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的， 一般 练习 1.I have ____________known that. 有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如She looked tired. 2.Is your grandfather ________living? 5. 合 成 形 容 词 warm-hearted 热 心 的 ， 3.Have you finished ________?No, not __________ heart-breaking 令人心碎的 4)so,neitherso 和 neither 都可用于倒装句，但 so 表示肯 定，neither 表示否定。例如Ced 形容词和-ing 形容词的区别 My brother likes footbal land so do I. -ed 形容词通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”； -ing 形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……” My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 6）too…to…表示“太…而不能…‖ 或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有My mother is getting too old to travel./He is too young to interested / excited / understand it./The box is too heavy to move. 这个箱子太 frightened / surprised / 重了以至于搬不动． /The child is too young to go to school. pleased / moved / disappointed / 这个孩子太小还不能上学 disappointing 等。7)so…that…和 such…that…区别 如此．．以至于．． ． ． 例 It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely The box is so heavy that I can’t move it. ________ the reader. He is such an honest boy that he never tells lies. A.
interest B.
be interested So +形容词/副词+ that…so 修饰形容词或副词 C.
be interesting D.
interest Such+ a/an + 形容词+单数名词+that ；such 修饰名词， 注：即使-ed 形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人； That book was so interesting that I finished it in a day. 即使-ing 形容词用以说明人， 也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如He is such a warm-hearted boy that each of his Classmates He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is likes him.He is ___ clever a boy.=He is ____ a clever boy. interesting.另外， glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud 8)名词前有 many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用 so 不用 3 such .(多多少少仍用 so) 但 little 表示 “小的” 用 such. 等形容词的主语只能是人；而 pleasant, easy, necessary, important 等则通常以事物或 it 作主语， 因为它们是说明事物的。There are ___ little sheep on the hill .以-ly 结尾的形容词 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely， lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如 daily，weekly， monthly，yearly，early 等。The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。1.Tony’s a __boy. He does everything__. A. care, careful B. carefully, careful C. careful, carefully 2. It’s raining ___. The radio says there will be a ____ rain tomorrow, too.A. heavy, heavily B. heavyly, heavy C. heavily, heavy 3. The man looks ____. A. friendly B. carefully C. slowlyhow often, how long, how soon ,how far⑴ how often 表示频率，常用 once, twice, three times 等来回答。⑵ how long 表示持续多久，通常用‖for+一时间D或 since+时间 点‖等来回答 ⑶ how soon 表示D还要多久‖，通常用和一般将来时连用，并 用‖in+一段时间D 来回答 ⑷ how far 表示‖多远D，通常用…kilometers, ….miles,‖ 或…five minutes walk 等来回答。练习：用 how often, how long, how soon ,how far 填空 1.______________ have you been in London? CFor six months. 2._____________ do you visit your grandparents? -- Twice a month.3.___________ will you be ready? We have been waiting for you for an hour! --- Sorry. I will be ready in ten minutes. 4.__________ is your school from your home?---It’s only about five minutes walk. I go to school every day on foot.形容词和副词的句法作用总结 1.形容词放在名词之___作_____， 系动词之__作____， 或 作 __________ 。形 容 词 作 定 语 放 在 名 词 ___ ， 修 饰 something 等不定代词要放在___面。(1) It ’s a lovely picture. (2) He is very busy now. (3) Please keep the room clean. (4) I didn’t find anything funny about it. 形容词和副词的句法作用 2.副词一般用作____语，修饰_____（_____） 、______和 ____（____） _____，频度副词一般位于行为动词之___, 、 系动词或第一个助动词之___ (1) People worked hard. (2) He’s very good and works very hard.(3) Luckily, he won the game. (4) He didn’t always have enough to eat.9）ago 与 before 的区别 ago 表示以现在为起点的 “以前” 常与一般过去时连用， ， 不可以单独使用。before 指过去或将来的某时刻 “以前” ， 也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。1.He got to the place one month _______. 2._____ 1998, he had finished writing that book. 3.That was over 20 years ______, but Tom remembered it clearly.4.It will be 5 months ______ we meet again. 5.I saw him ten minutes _______. 6.He told me that he had seen the film______. 10）.sometime，sometimes，some time 与 some times 的 区别 sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时 间。sometimes：有时，不时的= at times some time：一段 时间 some times：几次，几倍 1.We’ll have a test ______next month.2._____ we are busy and sometimes we are not.3. He stayed in Beijing for _____ last year.4.I have been to Beijing ______. 11）now，just 与 just now 的区别 now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意 为“现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚??” just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才” 1.Where does he live______？2.He was here______. 3.We have _______ seen the film. 12）lonely / alone 的区别 1).alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作 adj 也可作 adv. 2).lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻 的，常与 feel 连用。3).alone 只作表语 (以 a 开头的形 容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而 lonely 既可作表语,也可 作定语)1.He lives _____ on a _____ island . 2. He is _____ ,but he doesn’t feel ______. 13)fast /quickly /soon 的区别. fast 表示速度之快 quickly 表示动作之快 soon 表示时间 之快 I’m leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______?A .fast B. soon C. quickly D. early有些常用副词，两种形式，意义不同。如close 接近（指距离） closely 仔细地；密切地 free 免费 freely 自由地；自如地 deep 深 deeply 深刻地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 wide 宽 widely 广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地 late 晚；迟 lately 近来 most 最 mostly 主要地；绝大多数地 副词的排列顺序时间，地点副词，小的在前，大单位在后。副词分类 1.方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等 时间副词( now, then, soon, early, ago)频度副词( usually, 连词连接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully.多个. never, sometimes)地点副词( here, home, near, above) 2 不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。方式副词(quickly, hard, suddenly)程度副词( much, almost, 同时出现的不同种类的副词排列顺序一般为：频度副词 very, hardly)疑问副词( when, where, how, why) ＋被修饰动词＋程度副词＋方式副词＋地点副词＋时间 关 系 副 词 (when, where, why) 连 接 副 词 (why, how, if, 副词 如：(你这学期在这儿总是努力学习). 4 whether, when) You __always_study_very_hard_here_this_termcannot 与 enough 连用，表示“再??也不为过” You cannot be careful enough.你再细心也不为过。。形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 【注】enough 的这一用法可用“cannot(can never)．..too...”句型替换。You can never be too careful in the street.(＝You can never be careful enough in the street.) 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。形容词和副词的原级就是原形，比较级和最高级是在 原形的基础上变化。分为规则和不规则变化。规则 1(1)原级句型与 B 相同/不同…as…， A as the same as, such … as…，not as (so)…as…如Tom works __as_hard_as__(一样努力) Mary. He doesn‘t read __as/so_clearly__(一样清楚) as she. Das…as‖可用 almost, quite, just, about, nearly, twice, by no means(根本不)修饰，置于Das…as‖前。(2) so 用以替代第一个 as 时，只能用于否定句。(3) as much＋不可数名词＋as，而 as many＋可数名 词 复 数 ＋ as ， 如 Bob has read __as_many_books_as__(一样多的书) Mary. (4) as ＋ adj.＋ 不定冠词＋可数名词单数＋as，as ＋ adj. ＋ 不 可 数 名 词 ＋ as ， 如 Bread is __as_important_food_as__(一样重要的食物) rice. A 与 B 在某一方面程度相同as+原级+as A 在某一方面不及 BA…not as/so+原级+as B. so+ 形容词原级+that 丛句 such+名词＋that 丛句He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door . … too+原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级+ enough to do sth. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.规则 2：比较级＋than 的句型：A …比较级+ than B. (1)比较级前可用 much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather， even, still, a great deal 等表示程度， 但比较级前不能再用 more， 如：She sings far/much_better(好得多) than the others. (2)比较的对象要一致。一般说来，同等的两个事物才能 比较， Tom's bike is more_expensive_than_Jim's(比 Jim 如的昂贵)(＝Jim's bike). The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai(比上海的气候)． (3)比较级范围是由 of 引出两者之间的比较， 比较级前要 用定冠词，如He is the_taller(较高的) of the two. 比较级前可用 a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求 或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍， 一点”； much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good 用 bit 等表示“……得多”。规则 3：1）比较级+and +比较级, 表示越来越… Summer is coming, it’s getting hotter and hotter. 2） The +比较级+主语+ 谓语…, the +比较级+主语+谓语The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙, 他感到越高兴.规则 3：the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我弟弟。规则 4.用介词 by 表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。规则 5.否定＋比较级＝最高级 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。比较的对象不能相互包容，注意 …than any other +单数比较级 表最高级的意思比较级+than+?any other＋单数名词 ?all the other＋复数名词 ?anyone else ?any of the other＋复数名词 ?和 more 有关的词组3)the more?the more? 越……就越……。4) 一个人的两种品质的比较，用 more...than 结构more B than A =less A than B 与其说 A 不如说 B。I think she’s more shy than unfriendly. 与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其 说是反应慢不如说是懒。5)no more? than? 与……一样……，不比……多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。6)no less… than… 与……一样……。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。8)more than 不只是，非常。例如She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。9) not more ?than? “不够…多” His books are not more than yours. 10）.no＋比较级＋than 的特殊含义 A is no more careful than B．A 和 B 两人都不仔细。A is no less careful than B．A 和 B 两人都很仔细。形容词最高级前要加 the, 副词最高级前可加可不加 the the tallest (the) fastest5形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 规则 6.senior（年长的；高级的） ，junior（年幼的；初 级的） ，superior（优越的） ，inferior（下等的，低劣的） 等词与 to 连用，表示比较级。? He is three years senior to me.他比我大三岁 倍数表达法 1 …倍数+比较级+than? 比…多少倍 The river is three times longer than that one. 练习This dictionary is just 5 times cheaper than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好便宜 5 倍。The new building is 4 times higher than the old one. 新楼比旧楼高 4 倍。倍数表达法 2 …倍数+as+形容词/副词+as 是…多少倍 The ship is twice as wide as that one. 练习Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的大小 是欧洲的 4 倍。This tree is 3 times as tall as that tree. 这 棵树是那棵树的三倍高。倍数表达法 3 …倍数+the+名词+of 是…多少倍 This river is 3 times the length of that one. =This river is 3 times as long as that one. =This river is twice longer than that one. 地球是月亮大小的 49 倍。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon 舞厅是我们教室宽度的 2 倍 The ball is twice the width of our classroom.最高级的规则 1：the+最高级+in /of / among… Mike is the tallest in our class. 2. 最高级前省略 the 的情况. a. My happiest day (有物主代词修饰) 3. It’s a most useful book. (very) 4. 最高级可被序数词和程度副词修饰. The yellow river is the second largest in China. John is much the cleverest of the four boys. 除了 “the+最高级”外，最高级还有其它表达方式。如：否定词 never 与比较级连用、比较级+than any other+名词单数、比较级+than any of the other+名 词复数、比较级+than anyone else 等。How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.? 她唱得太美了！我从来没听过这么好听的嗓音。how+adj .+a/an+可数名词单数+it is。? How fine a day it is!多么好的天气！相当于 What a fine day it is!） （ so+adj .+a/an+可数名词单数。? so good a book 如此好的一本书（相当于 such a good book） too+ adj .?+a/an+可数名词单数 too fine a day 特别好的一天?as+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+as。在英语中，more than,not more than 等是常用、常考的结构，考生应予以重视。? （1）less than...意为D少于……‖。? It had cost Tom less than five dollars.?汤姆花了不到五美元买了这件东西。（2）not less than... 意为D不少于……，至少……‖，表示客观陈述。He is not less than 80 years old.他至少 80 岁。（3）no less than...意为D多达……，竟有……之多‖，表示数量很多。No less than a thousand people came.? 来的人竟有一千人之多。（4） less...than...意为D正像……那样……， no 同……一样……‖， 含有强调的意味 English is no less important than maths.英语同数学一样重要。（5）not less...than...意为D不亚于……‖，表示客观陈述。English is not less important than maths.英 语的重要性不亚于数学。（6）more than...意为D超过，不仅仅，非常‖等。There are more than fifty students in the class.这个班有 50 多 个学生。（more than 这时多与数词连用） ? Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。（more than 这时多与名词连用）? She is more than selfish.她非常自私。（more than 这时多与形容词连用） （7）more A than B 意为D与其说是 B， 不如说是 A‖，其中的 A 和 B 为相同的结构 It is more a poem than a picture.与其说这是一幅画不如说是一首诗（8）not more than... 意为D不超过……， 不多于……‖， 表示客观陈述。have not more than ten books in my bag.?我的书包里的书不多于 10 本。9） more I （ no than...意为D仅仅……，正好……‖，强调数量少。I have no more than ten books in my bag.?我的书包里的书仅仅有 10 本。（10）not more...than...意为D不比……更……‖，表示客观描述。? Tom isn’t more clever than Jim.汤姆不比吉姆更聪明。（11）no more...than... 意为D和……一样都不……‖， 含有强调的意味。Tom is no more clever than Jim.汤姆和吉姆一样都不聪明。=Tom is not clever any more （ than Jim.） （12）Dmore than+主语+can/could+do+...‖结构意为D（主语）不能够……‖。本例题便是对该种结构的考查。The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words can describe.?杭州的美景是语言所不能描述的。cannot/can never be too...”的考查，意为“越……越好”或“再……也不过分”。当在该结构中的 too 或 to 前加上否定词 not 或 never 等时，该结构即为表示肯定含义的结构。cannot/can never...too...to...为常见的用 法，它可以与 cannot/can never...? enough to...?结构进行转化。When crossing the street,you can never be too careful/careful enough. 你过马路时，越小心越好。（2）当 too...to...结构中的副词 too 后接 apt,ready,anxious, eager,glad,willing 等形容词时，该结构表达的即 为肯定的含义。? She is too willing to marry him.她很愿意嫁给他。（3）当 too...to...结构中的副词 too 前面有 all,but,only,quite 等修 饰时，该结构表达的也为肯定的含义。? I am only too pleased to help you.我很高兴帮助您。? 6形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1．一般，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；如：small →smaller →smallest short→ shorter →shortest 2．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est； 如：big→ bigger →biggest hot→ hotter →hottest 3．以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st 如：large→ larger →largest 4．以D辅音字母＋y‖结尾的双音节词，把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easy→ easier →easiest 5．多数多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前面加 most；如：beautiful→ more beautiful→ most beautiful 6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good→better→best bad→worse→worst old→elder→eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthesr 注意:1.名词+ly 构成形容词;形容词+ly 构成副词 friendly, lovely, lively, homely, manly… (形容词)friendlily, livelily, happily… (副词)2.fast,early,straight 既是形容词又是副词,不加 ly.He runs fast.Can you give me a fast answer? 形、副词的级 1. 标志 than 2. 比较的对象一致：My pencil is longer than yours. Bill runs faster than any other student in his class. 3.形容词最高级：1. 标志：in (后不同类)；of (后同类) 2. 加 est。注意1）要避免重复使用比较级。（错） He is more cleverer than his brother.（对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 &极,很,非常, 十分&。It's most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。5）& 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 &, 表示 & 越来越... &。It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热。old 有两种比较级和最高级形式older/oldest 和 elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程师。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般 father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。例如I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。兼有两种形式的副词 上。late 与 lately 近来好吗？ deep 与 deeply deep 意思是&深&，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，&深深地&。例如He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。high 与 highly high 表示空间高度； of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理 wide 与 widely free 与 freely wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是&广泛地&，&在许多地方&。例如English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。free 的意思是&免费&；freely 的意思是&无限制地&。例如He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。highly 表示程度， 相当于 much。例如plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。think highly The I close 与 closely close 意思是&近&；closely 意思是&仔细地&。例如He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边 Watch him closely. 盯着他。late 意思是&晚&；lately 意思是&&。例如：You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。What have you been doing lately?You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。Y say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。…one of the+最高级+名词复数 Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. …最高级+of (in)…Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best. This is/ was the 最高级+名词+that 定语从句 This is the worst film that I have seen these years. 1．rather 常修饰贬义的词，fairly 常修饰褒义的词。有些词本身并无褒贬，但用 rather 意为反感，用 fairly 意为赞许。This room is fairly big/ rather big. 2. quite 与表示完全概念的词 （right, wrong, perfect, certain, empty, full… ) 连用时，表示D完全‖= completely not 为副词，修饰谓语，no 为形容词，修饰名词 Who / Which…+比较级, A or B? 哪个更好，A 还是 B？Which is better, A or B? A 是两个当中较好的一个 A is the better of two. 谁跑得更快，Tom 还是 Kay？Who runs faster, Tom or Kay? D比较级＋and＋比较级‖意为D越来越…‖ 。多音节比较级用Dmore and more＋形容词原级‖形式。7 It’s getting worse and worse. The group became more and more popular.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级方 园 辅 导方园辅导8形容词、副词的比较级和最高级方园辅导方园辅导9形容词、副词的比较级和最高级练习:一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong_______ _big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are 2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan.________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮。________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____ _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn’t __ __ ___ __ in PE. But I don’t ___ ___ ___ __than __ ___. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。__ _ you __ __football ___ __than your classmates? No, they__ __as _ _ _as me. 19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_____sweater_____ as_______as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_____ too_____. I want to ___ __a___ ___one. 22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .10形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。I.写出所给词的反义词。1. Maria is ________(thin). Lucy is __________(thin) than Mary. 1.young________ 6.better___________ 2. Mike is ____________________(heavy) boy in his class. 2. white________ 7. longer__________ 3. Tom is as_________ ( tall) as Jim. 3. big__________ 8. thinner_________ 4. I am much _________( well) than yesterday. 4. left_________ 9. far_____________ 5. This skirt is ___________________( expensive) of the three. 5.fast_________ 10. light__________ 6. The weather today is ___________(hot) than it was yesterday. 7). Lucy writes __________________(careful) than her brother.8)Today is ___________(busy) day this week. 9)That is ___ (easy ) of all.10). He is ____ (clever ) boy in the class.11). John is _____ ( short ) than Tom. 12). This box is ____ ( heavy ) than that one. III、根据所给汉语完成句子 1. _____ ____exercise you take, _____ _____ (你锻炼越多就会越强壮) you will be.2. Who jumped _______ (最远) of all in the long jump?3. Lucy says she will write to you back ____ ____ ____ ______ 尽可能快地） 4. There are ____ ______ ______ （ 。(如此多的人) that we can't see each other.5.-_____ _____ _____ (何时何地) shall we meet?Let's meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon. IV、单项选择 ( )1. -Tom is the ____ one I want to work with. He is always complaining.- Be more patient. He is still a good boy. A. best B. last C. first D. only ( )2. We want to go to Japan to have a ____ study.A. farther B. farthest C. further D. furthest ( )3. The meeting hall is ____ to hold 5000 people.A. large enough B. enough large C. so large D. too large ( )4. When spring comes, the trees get ____.A. green and green B.green and greenerC.greener and green D. greener and greener ( )5. My _____ brother is three years ____ than I .A.
elder ( )6. He's ____ to hear the bad news.A. sorry B. bad C. happy D. well ( )7. The snow is over one meter ____ when it's winter here.A. long B. high C. thick D. this ( )8. This book is _____ worth seeing again.A. very B. quite C. well D. much ( )9. My sister sat ____ to me to listen to the story.A. close B. closely C. nearby D. with ( )10. The sports car is running ____, It seems to be flying.A. fast and fast B. more and fast C. more and faster D. faster and faster( )11. You run ____ for us to catch up with you.A . too fast B. so fast C. too slowly D. so slowly ( )12. Don't look _____ the window? We're having a class.A. out of B out from C. down of D. out. ( )13. This year our school is __ than it was last year.A.much more beautiful B.much beautifulC.the most beautiful D. beautiful ( )14. _____ the ground is, ____ air becomes. A. T the thin B. T the thinnestC. T the thiner D. T the thinner ( )15. John is ____ of the two boys.A. tall B. tallest C. the tallest. D. the taller. ( )16. -Why does Peter like moon cakes with nuts instead of the ones with eggs?-Because he thinks the moon cakes with nuts are ____.A. cheap B. dear C. worse D. nicer ( )17. She is ____ than I A. a head taller B. a taller head C. taller a head D. head taller ( )18. Paris is one of _____ cities in the world. A. more beautifully B. more beautiful C. the most beautifully D. the most beautiful ( )19. Shanghai is the first _____ city in China.A. big B. biggest C. the big D. the biggest ( )20. -Mr Zhou, of all the students in our group, who lives ___?-I think Li Lei does.A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farther ( )21. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary, he makes lots of mistakes.A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as.( )22. My sister is good at sports, She can jump ____ than me.A. highest B. very high C. too highD. much higher11形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 ( )23.The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river ( )24.I don't feel ___ to go to work today. I'm ill.A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good ( )25.Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.A. important anything B. important something C. anything important D. something important V、同义句转换 3. Kate is 10 years old. Tom is 12 years old. 1. Math is the most difficult of all the subjects. Kate is ____ _____ _____ _____ Tom. Math is ____ difficult than _____ other subject. Tom is ____ ______ _____ _____ Kate. Math is _____ difficult than _____ other subjects. 4.The bag is too expensive for me to buy. 2. Joe isn't as tall as Lucy.. The bag is _____ _____ ______for me to buy. Joe is _____ than Lucy.形容词副词练习一．基础练习1. If I had＿＿＿, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice 4. I would be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply. A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful 5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center. A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary 6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather 7. ―― How was your job interview?―― Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked. A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier 8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿? A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly 9. ―― Can Li Hua help me with my English? ―― I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours. A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as 10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿for it.A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less 11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest. A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep 12. This year they have produced＿＿ grain ＿＿＿they did last year.A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than 13. Can I help you? ― Well, I’ afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.A. so B. much C. very D. too m 14. ―― How did you find your visit to the museum?―― I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting 15. ―― Would you like some wine?―― Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿. A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time 18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple 19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it. A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive 20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a 二．提高练习 1. To plant the tree, we must dig _____. A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a holeC. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole 2. I think he is one of the best men you've ____ found.A.never B. already C. ever D. once 3. ____ the boy’s grown! He is almost ___ his father.A. What, as tall as B. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller than12形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 4. I haven’t got ____ nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them. A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough 5. Henry knows little of physics _________ of chemistry.A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less 6. ― The dish is delicious!― Well, at least it's ___ the one I cooked yesterday. A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than 7. ― Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?― Yes. You couldn't hope for ____ at this time of the year. A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D. the nicest day 8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you ____A. best B. good C. well D. worse 9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced ___ VCD players in 2000 as the year before. A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as many 10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice ____ came.A. more than B. as many C. as much D. less than 11. ― Why didn't you go to the cinema last night? ― It was something ____ interesting. A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further 12. The population of many Alaskan cities has _____ doubled in the past five years. A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as 13. ― This is a good place for a picnic. ― Yes, it couldn't be ____ .A. better B. best C. worst D. worse 14. ― How do you like your teacher of English?― Well, no one teaches _____ here.A. well B. poorly C. best D. better 15. In the poor parts of America's big cities there is a lot of crime, _____ . A. and much of it is serious B. much of it is seriousC. and many more is serious D. more of it is serious 16. ― Do you like cats?― Of course. They are ____ a kind of pet. They can do much good for their masters. A. better than B. more than C. no more than D. no better than 17. The newly-built theatre is ____ the old one.A. as twice big as B. twice more bigger than C. twice the size of D. twice so big as 18. I'm afraid that your conclusion is ____ from correct.A. far B. free C. different D. short 19. Thank you very much. It's ____ of you.A. kindest B. a most kind C. the most kind D. most kind 20. Whoever is never _____ with the progress he has made will be a success.A. content B. proud C. praised D. enough13
【形容总结的词语】总结与形容词同形的副词以及英语-ly 副词与其同源副词的用法有些副词有两种形式：一是与形容词同形；另外一种呢，还加了一个-ly 尾巴。你知道 它们的差别吗？它们或小或大，足以在考试中把你弄得晕头转向。1. clean and cleanly 副词 clean 完全不是“干净的”的意思，而是“径直地，完全地”意思。The bullet went clean through his arm. 子弹完全穿过了他的胳膊。I clean forgot about it. 我完全把这个事情忘了。（这里也可以翻成“我把这个事 情忘得干干净净了”。看来中文和英文还是有共通之处啊！） That knife doesn’t cut clean. 那把小刀切起来不利落。而 cleanly 就是“清洁地”意思啦。The desk was cleanly filed. 桌子被整理得干干净净。2. clear and clearly 副词 clear 的意思和 clean 的意思一样，是“完全地，径直地”意思。You see me clear. 你很透彻地看穿我。He disappeared clear away after the crime. 他犯罪后消失得无影无踪。clear 还可以解释为“隔离，不接触”的意思。Stand clear of the gate. 别靠近门。You should keep clear of that stupid guy. 你应该离那个蠢家伙远一点。当然啦，当要表达诸如“清楚地”“明显地”意思的时候，你就放心大胆地用 clearly 吧。Can you see it clearly? 你看得清楚吗？ He is clearly wrong. 他明显错了。有两个句子你要牢牢记住，clear 和 clearly 都可以The moon shone clearly / clear. 月光明媚。He spoke clearly / clear and loudly / loud. 他说话清晰明朗。3. close and closely 都听过莫文蔚的 Close To You 这首歌吧？那为什么不是 Closely To You？就让我来解 释一下这两个词的区别吧！ 副词 close 修饰具体的事物，表示“接近地”意思。He lives close to the school. 他住得离很近。当修饰抽象的事物，表示“接近地”、“严密地”、“仔细地”的时候，就放心大胆地 用 closely 吧！Watch what I do closely! 仔细看我怎么做的！4. direct and directly 副词 direct 作“直线地，不绕圈子地”解。The train goes there direct. 火车直接开到那儿。The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome. 飞机不直达罗马。He came direct to London. 他直接到了伦敦。而 directly 作“直接地”的解。Answer my question directly! 直接回答我的问题！ She told me very directly and openly. 她直截了当地告诉我了。directly 还有“立即”和“马上”的意思。I will be there directly. 我马上就到。He should be here directly if you don’t mind waiting. 如果您不介意等等，他 马上就到。5. easy and easily easy 作副词的时候只出现在固定搭配中。Take it easy. 别着急，慢慢来。Go easy. 别着急。Easy come, easy go. 好来好散。Stand easy! 稍息！ 除此之外，都用 easily。I finished it easily. 我一下子就搞定了。He is not easily satisfied. 他不容易满足。6. firm and firmly firm 作副词用时，只出现在以下的固定搭配中Stand firm. 站稳了啊。Always hold firm to what you believe. 坚持你所信仰的东西。7. high and highly high 用作副词用的时候也只出现在以下几种情况中，你牢牢记住就好！ aim high 力争上游 hold one’s head high 骄傲 play high 大赌注 search high and low 到处寻找 run high 激动fly high 有雄心 highly 通常是抽象的“高”的意思。He spoke highly of her. 他大大赞美她。He paid highly for his stupid behaviors. 他为他做的蠢事付出了很高的代价。8. right and rightly 这两个词语当表示“对”的意思的时候都可以修饰动词，但是 rightly 通常放在动词之 前。你可以看看下面的句子。He rightly guessed that you were not going there. He guessed right that you were not going there. 他猜对了，你不会去。If I remember right, you were my high school classmate. 如果我记得没错的话， 你是我的高中同学。If I’m rightly informed, I should be there right away. 如果消息没错的话，我 得马上去。9. sharp and sharply 这两个词都可当作“急剧地”意思解。At the crossroads, we turned sharp to the left. 我们在十字路口突然来了个左转。The road turns very sharply. 道路起伏不平。另 sharp 作副词时表达 “准时” 或 “仓猝” 的意思， 多半修饰时间、 方向和音符； sharply 则是“刻薄”或“尖刻”的意思，多半修饰行动和说话。The violins were playing sharp． 小提琴能演奏高音。Don’t speak too sharply to them，please． 请不要对他们说话过于尖刻了。10. slow and slowly slow 作副词用的时候仅仅能用于 go slow 这样的搭配。其他情况都用 slowly。The workers decided to go slow. 工人们决定怠工一会儿。Speak slowly, please. 拜托您说慢点儿。Drive slowly when you are crossing the road. 过那条马路的时候开慢点儿。练习一下 下面有几道测试题，如果你还拿不到满分，那就再多看看这篇文章吧！ Sorry I didn’t turn up ―I _____ forgot. (clean, cleanly) I’m afraid I’m _____ out of food. (clean, cleanly) This pen writes _____ . (clean, cleanly) I can’t see _____ without my glasses. (clear, clearly) The prisoner got _____ away. (clear, clearly)Come _____ ! I want to tell you some secrets. (close, closely) She’s _____ related to my family. (close, closely) The plan goes _____ from London to Houston without stopping. (direct, directly) Let’s meet _____ then I’ll take you _____ to your room. (direct, directly) This is a sentence _____ quoted from Latin. (direct, directly) I _____ recommend it. (high, highly) He can jump really _____. (high, highly) He’ he aims _____. (high, highly) I _____ assumed that Henry wasn’t coming. (right, rightly) Always hold _____ to your beliefs. (firm, firmly) Fix the post _____ in the ground. (firm, firmly) Keysclean clean cleanly clearly clear close closely directly direct；directly directly highly high highly rightly firm firmly英语中有一些表示方式、 程度的副词具有两种形式。如 late，lately； high，highly；s low，showly 等 等。在这些词当中，两种不同形式所表达的含 义有的完全不同，有的很相似， 而有的却完全一致。这就给人们 使用这些词时 带来一定的麻烦。特别是在学生中间，总免不 了使用时的混淆。笔者想就此问题 分类作一点探讨 。（一）本类词有 hard，hardly；late，lately；most，mostly 等等，这两种副词形式含义完 全不同，所以，使用时不易引起混淆。1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。He hardly works at all.他很少干活。2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？ 3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast. 说得最 多的人常常干得最 少。The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。4.The next flight dose not go direct to T it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不 直飞东京 ，而是绕道上海。He will be here directly.他马上就来。5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐。6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很 漂亮。（二）这类词主要有 wide，widely；close， closely ；high，highly 等 等，这两种副词 形式不同，含义也有差别，但是没有第一类的区别明显，而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所 以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是：不带-ly 的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作 或状况有可测 量性和可见性； 而 以-ly 结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。这时，这些词大都具有&greatly&和&extremel y&的含义。试作如下比较1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看 见那只蝴蝶在街道上 方高高飞舞 着？ The distinguished guests were highly praised. 贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。2.He flung the d oor wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很 大。3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope. 买那个望远镜你得付 很高的价钱。You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。The police were watching him closely. 警察在密切监视他。5.The bird is now flying quite low. 鸟儿现在飞得非常低。He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘 客。8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大。Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力。（三）这类词主要有 slow，slowly；quick，quickly 等等异形同义词。当然，现代英语的语言规范性要求用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词，但由于句子结构以及 搭配的不同，使用时也具有不同的倾向性。在此，主要 探讨一下在什么情况下常使用不带-ly 的副词形式。同时，把第二类中一些适应于下列规则的词也包括进去。总的说来，倾向于使 用不带-ly 副词形式的情况大致有下列四种Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker. 艾伦走得很快， 但乔治走 得更快 。2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.那些人在大声争吵着， 但是警察 喊叫得更响。3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still. 汽车走得越来越慢， 最后停 了下 来。4.Let&#39;s see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快。5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问题。Ⅱ 有&so&或&too&修饰时1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如 此之快以致于我手足 无措无 法 对付了。2.It is imposs your car goes tooslow.不可能赶 上他了，你的车太慢 了。3.Don&#39; the child is in bed now. 别这样大声说话，孩子 已经睡了。Ⅲ 用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时</ we are waiting for you. 快来，我们在等你。2.D this part of the road is dangerous.车开慢一点，这段 路很危险。3.The sun shines bright.阳光明媚。4.When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thickand the wind was blowing cold. 我 们 离开那棚屋时，正下着大雪，刮着寒风。5.Business is going strong.生意兴隆。Ⅳ 在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时：1.Take it easy.不要紧张。2.Stand firm and hold it tight.站稳抓牢。3.He often plays high.他赌注常下得很大。4.The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager outfair. 秘书 把经理那份粗潦的草 稿很清 楚地誊写出来。5.They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night.他们在城 堡中痛饮到深夜。通过观察，以上三类词中第一类较易区别、掌握和使用。对于后两类词， 在 判别使用哪一种副词形式时一 般可以考虑以下几个原则第一是具体性与抽 象 性的原则。在表示实实在在的物体、位置移动或具体可见 的状况和变化 时， 常使用不带-ly 的副词形式，如：climb high，live close by，open wid e，sink deep，tu rn sharp right；反之，具有抽象含义的动词常用以-ly 结 尾的副词， 如：think highly of，look closely into，love dearly 等等。第二个原则就是常用固定搭配与灵活搭配的不同。在一些固定词组或经常搭配 使用 的词组中，不带-ly 的副词形式使用得很多， 如 aim high，run high，f ight fair，goeasy with，drink de ep，sleep sound 等等。第三个原则是口 语体与标准体的使用区别。如有人说&Speak loudly and clearly. &也有人说& Speak loud and clear.&对此情况难说谁对谁错，只能 说前一种说法属于规范 性语体； 而后一种 说法属于口语体。不带-ly 的简单形 式是早期英语遗留下来 的口语体形式。例如现在还有人说&I badneed t his sort of material.&就如 G.O.寇姆在〈英语句法〉（Syntax）一书中说过的，带-ly 的副词是标准语或 好的口语， 但在松散的口语和大众语中人们仍然坚持使用没 有-ly 的简单形 式。根据以上原则，可以解释为什么可以说&Don&#39;t talk so loud. &但必须说 &He protested／complained loudly。&Talk loud 是常用的搭配形式，而且 ta lk 一词的形象也比较具 体；protest 与 complain 则是搭配性 很强的词， 还 常常和许多别的副词灵活 搭配， 如 publicly， sharply， secretly 等等。另外， 这两个词比 tal k 更具 感情色彩，所以也就更具抽象性。
【形容总结的词语】Positive Personality Adjectives A-E Personality Adjectives E-P Personality Adjectives P-Z Personality Adjectivesadaptable(有适应能力) exuberant （生气勃勃的） adorable(值得崇拜的，可敬重的；可爱的，讨人喜欢的) fabulous（难以置信的; 奇异的） agreeable(令人愉快的，惬意的；有礼貌的) fair （公平的；合理的）productive（具有创造性的） protective（保护的） proud （自豪的） alert(思维敏捷的；活泼的) faithful （忠实的；忠诚的） punctual（严守时刻的） alluring(迷人的；吸引人的) fantastic （空想的，异想天开的） quiet（清静的） ambitious(有抱负的) fearless（无畏的；大胆的） receptive（善于接受的） amused (顽皮的) fine（健康的） reflective（深思熟虑的） boundless(广阔的) frank（坦白的，直率的） relieved （放心的；宽慰的） brave (勇敢的) friendly（友好的，亲密的） resolute（刚毅的） bright (聪明的；活泼的，机灵的，乖巧的) funny（有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的） responsible（负有责任的） calm (平静的；从容不迫的) generous（慷慨的，大方的） rhetorical（虚夸的） capable(能干的；有才能的) gentle（温和的；文雅的；高尚的） righteous（正直的） charming (迷人的，可爱的；潇洒的) glorious （光荣的） romantic（浪漫的） cheerful (欢乐的，高兴的) good（优秀的） sedate（安静的） coherent(一致的;连贯的) happy（幸福的，幸运的） seemly（得体的） comfortable(安逸的) harmonious（和谐的） selective（精心选择的） confident(有信心的) helpful（有益的；愿意帮忙） self-assured（有自信的） cooperative(合作的；协助的) hilarious （非常滑稽的） sensitive（敏感的） courageous(勇敢的，无畏的) honorable（可敬的，荣誉的） shrewd（精明的） credible(可信的，可靠的) impartial（公平的，公正的） silly （糊涂的） cultured(有教养的) industrious（勤劳的，勤奋的） sincere（真诚的） dashing(时髦的) instinctive(直觉的) skilful（灵巧的） dazzling(艳丽的;动人的) jolly (快活的) smiling （微笑的） debonair(（通常指男人）愉快而自信的) joyous (快乐的) splendid （为众人所推崇的） decisive(坚定的；果断的) kind(仁慈的，体贴的) steadfast（坚定的） decorous(端庄得体的；厚重) kind-hearted(仁慈的，好心的) stimulating（刺激的） delightful(讨人喜欢的) knowledgeable(博学的，知识渊博的) successful（成功的） detailed（缜密的） level(平稳的) succinct（简明的，简洁的） determined（坚定的） likeable(可爱的，令人喜爱的) talented（有才能的） diligent（勤奋的） lively (充满活力的) thoughtful （沉思的） discreet（谨慎的，考虑周到的） lovely (可爱的) thrifty（节俭的） dynamic（精力充沛的） loving(慈爱) tough（坚强的，坚韧的） eager（热切的，热情洋溢的） lucky (运气好的) trustworthy（值得信赖的） efficient（有能力的，有效率的） mature(成熟的) unbiased（公正的） elated（兴高采烈） modern(时髦) unusual（独特的） eminent（杰出的，卓越的） nice（美好的） upbeat（积极乐观的） enchanting（妩媚的；迷人的） obedient （忠顺的） vigorous（精力充沛的） encouraging（支持；促进；鼓动） painstaking（辛勤的） vivacious （活泼的，快活的） endurable（忍得住；恒久） peaceful（安静的） warm（热情的） energetic（精力充沛的，充满活力的） perfect （完美的） willing（心甘情愿的） entertaining（有趣的） placid（温和的） wise（聪明的，有智慧的）enthusiastic（热心的；热情的） excellent（卓越的；杰出的） excited（活跃的） exclusive（孤高的） A-E Personality Adjectivesplausible（花言巧语的） pleasant （可爱的；令人愉快的） pleasant plucky（勇敢的，坚决的） E-P Personality Adjectiveswitty （诙谐的；机智的） wonderful （极好的） zany （滑稽的；笨的） zealous（热心的，热情的） P-Z Personality AdjectivesNegative Personality AdjectivesA-F F-R R-W Personality Adjectives Personality Adjectives Personality Adjectives abrasive（使人厌烦，伤人感情） fierce （凶猛的，残忍的） ruthless（无情的，冷酷的） abrupt（无理的） filthy（猥亵的，淫秽的） sad（悲哀的） abusive（骂人的） finicky（爱挑剔的） scary（胆小的） afraid（害怕的） flashy（脾气等）暴烈的） secretive（偷偷摸摸的） aloof（冷淡的） flippant（轻薄的，轻浮的） selfish （自私的，利己的） ambiguous（含糊的，不明确的）foolish （愚蠢的；鲁莽的） silly（蠢的；糊涂的） angry （生气的；愤怒的） forgetful（疏忽的；不经心的） slow（迟钝的） annoyed （恼怒的，气恼的） frantic （发疯似的；发狂的） sneaky（鬼祟的，卑鄙的） anxious （焦急的；渴望的） fretful（烦躁不安） snobbish（势利眼的） arrogant （傲慢的，自大的） frightened （害怕的；受惊的） sore （使人伤心的） ashamed （惭愧的，羞耻的） furtive（鬼鬼祟祟的） spendthrift（浪费的，奢侈的） awful （糟糕的；可怕的） greedy（贪婪的） squeamish（过分拘谨的） bad（不好的） grieving （伤心；悲伤） stingy（吝啬的） belligerent（好战的） grouchy（好抱怨的） strange（奇怪地；陌生地） bewildered （使迷惑；使为难） gruesome（可怕的；令人毛骨 sulky(愠怒的) boorish（粗野的；粗鲁的） 悚然的） tacky（缺乏教养或风度的） bored （无聊的，无趣的） grumpy（脾气坏的） tense (神经紧张的) boring（无聊的，无趣的） guarded（谨慎的，有保留的） terrible (可怕的) callous（铁石心肠的，无情的） gullible（易受骗的，轻信的） testy(易怒的，脾气急躁的) careless（粗心的，淡漠的） helpless （无能的） thick-skinned(厚脸皮的) clumsy（笨拙的） hesitant（犹豫的） thoughtless (自私的，不体贴 combative （好斗的） homeless （无家可归的） 人的) confused （糊涂的；迷乱的） horrible（可怕的；极不友好的） threatening(胁迫的；险恶的) cowardly（怯懦的；胆小的） hungry （饥饿的；渴望的） tight(牢固的) crazy（疯狂的；不理智的） hurt （受伤的；痛苦的） timid(胆小的；羞怯的) creepy （令人毛骨悚然的） ignorant（无知的，愚昧的） tired (疲倦的；困倦的) cruel （残酷的，残忍的） ill （不好的；恶意的） tiresome(令人生厌的) cynical（见利忘义的；愤世嫉俗的 irresolute（犹豫不定的） troubled (焦虑的；担忧的) dangerous （危险的） jealous（妒忌的，妒羡的） truculent(致命的；好斗的) deceitful（不诚实的，骗人的） jittery（紧张不安的） typical(典型的)defeated （击败） lacking（缺乏的；没有的） undesirable(不受欢迎的) defective（身心有缺陷的人） lazy（懒惰的） unsuitable(不合适的) defiant （挑衅的；蔑视的） lonely （孤独的，孤单的） unsure(缺乏信心的) demonic（魔鬼似的） malicious（恶意的，有敌意的） upset (心烦的) depressed （情绪低落的， 沮丧的） materialistic（唯物主义的） uptight(紧张的；愤怒的) deranged（疯狂的；神经错乱的）mean（自私的） vague(暧昧的) disagreeable（不友善的） mysterious （神秘的，诡秘的） vengeful(渴望复仇的/报复的) disillusioned（幻想破灭的） na? ve（幼稚的；天真的） venomous(恶意的) disturbed （心理失常的） nasty（肮脏的；下流的） volatile(易变的，不稳定的) domineering（刚愎自用） naughty （顽皮的） voracious(贪吃的；贪婪的) draconian（严厉的；苛刻的） nervous（胆小的） vulgar(庸俗的，俚俗的) embarrassed （尴尬的） noisy（嘈杂的；喧闹的） wary(谨慎的，小心翼翼的) envious （嫉妒的） obnoxious （讨厌的； 易受伤害） wasteful(浪费的；挥霍的) erratic（行为古怪） outrageous （粗暴的） weak(柔弱的，虚弱的) evasive（闪烁其词的） panicky （恐慌的） weary (疲倦的；困乏的) evil（邪恶的，罪恶的） pathetic（令人同情的，可怜的） wicked(缺德的；淘气的) faded（已褪色的，已凋谢的） possessive（占有的） worried(困恼的，为难的) fanatical（入迷的；狂信的） quarrelsome（好争吵的，动辄 worthless(无价值的，不值钱 争吵的） 的) A-F repulsive （令人厌恶的） wretched(不幸的，悲惨的) Personality F-R R-W Personality Personality
【形容总结的词语】another a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的 pron. 另 angry a. 生气的，愤怒的 *ancient a. 古代的，古老的 alone a. 单独的，孤独的 boring a. 乏味的，无聊的 *able a. 能够；有能力的 active a. 积极的，主动的 *absent a. 缺席， 不在 *Asian a. 亚洲的，亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人 asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡 *Atlantic a. 大西洋 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 Australian a 澳洲的，澳大利亚人的 n 澳大利亚人 best（good, well 的最 高级） ? a. & ad.? 最 *awful a. 可怕的, 威严的 bad (比较级 worse, 最高级 worst) a. 坏的；有 害的，不利的；严重的 *basic a. 基本的 beautiful a. 美的，美丽的，美观的 bitter a. 有苦味的；痛苦的，难过的；严酷的 big a. 大的 better (good, well 的 比较级) a.& ad. 较好的， *available a. 可用到的, 可利用的, 有空的, both a. 两；双 pron. 两者；双方 born a. 出生 careful a. 小心的，仔细的，谨慎的 brave a. 勇敢的 brief a. 简洁的 bright a. 明亮的；聪明的 busy a. 忙（碌）的 certain a. （未指明真实名称的）某……；确定的，无疑的；一定会…… careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的 all ad. 全部地 a. 全（部）；所有的；总；整 pron. cheap a. 便宜的，贱 Chinese a. 中国的；中国人的；中国话的，汉语 clear a. 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的 close a. 亲密的；近，靠近 vt. 关，关闭 cotton n. 棉花 a. 棉花的 cool a. 凉的，凉爽的；酷 *complete a. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束 *common a. 普通的，一般的；共有的 comfortable a. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的 cloudy a. 多云的，阴天的 cold a. 冷的，寒的 n. 寒冷；感冒，伤风 *crazy a. 疯狂的*cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的；无情的 *daily a. 每日的；日常的 dangerous a. 危险的 dead a. 死的；无生命的 *deaf a. 聋的 deal n. 量，数额；交易 dear int. （表示惊愕等）哎呀！唷！ a. 亲爱的；贵的 deep a. 深 ad. 深；深厚 dirty a. 脏的 *direct a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的 difficult a. 难的；艰难的；不易相处的 different a. 不同的，有差异的 delicious a. 美味的，可口的 double a. 两倍的；双的 n. 两个；双 each ? a.& pron.? 每人，每个，每件 early a. 早的 ad. 早地 east a. 东方的；东部的；朝东的；从东方来的 ad. expensive a. 昂贵的 excellent a. 极好的，优秀的 *everyday a. 每日的； 日常的 every a. 每一，每个的 European a. 欧洲的，欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人 English a. 英国的，英国人的，英语的 n. 英语 either a. 两方任一方的；二者之一 conj. 二者 *electric a. 电的 empty a. 空的 final a. 最后的；终极的 fine a.细的；晴朗的；美好的；（身体）健康的 fit a. 健康的, 适合的 v. （使）适合，安装 flat a. 平的 n. 楼中一套房间； 公寓(常用复数) foreign a. 外国的 festival a. 节日的，喜庆的 favourite (美 favorite) a. 喜爱的 fat n. 脂肪 a. 胖的；肥的 fast a. 快的，迅速的；紧密的 far (比较级 farther, 最高级 farthest 或 *fantastic a. (口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的 famous a. 著名的 *fair1 a. 公平的，合理的 (肤色)白皙的； （人）白肤金发的 good (比较级 better, 最高级 best) a. 好；良好 *golden a. 金(黄)色的 great a. 伟大的；重要的；好极了 ad. （口语） green a. 绿色的；青的 n. 绿色half a.& n. 半，一半，半个 *handsome a. 英俊的 gold n. 黄金 a 金的，黄金的 glad a. 高兴的；乐意的 general a. 大体的，笼统的，总的 funny a. 有趣的，滑稽可笑的 full a. 满的，充满的；完全的 front a. 前面的；前部的 n. 前面；前部；前线 friendly a. 友好的 fresh a. 新鲜的 free a. 自由的，空闲的；免费的 happy a. 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的 healthy a. 健康的，健壮的 heavy a. 重的 helpful a. 有帮助的，有益的 high a. 高的；高度的 ad. 高地 impossible a. 不可能的 honest a. 诚实的，正直的 ill a. 有病的；不健康的 hungry a. （饥）饿的 *humorous a. 富于幽默的 huge a. 巨大的，庞大的 hot a. 热的 important a. 重要的 happy a. 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的 healthy a. 健康的，健壮的 heavy a. 重的 helpful a. 有帮助的，有益的 high a. 高的；高度的 ad. 高地 impossible a. 不可能的 honest a. 诚实的，正直的 ill a. 有病的；不健康的 hungry a. （饥）饿的 *humorous a. 富于幽默的 huge a. 巨大的，庞大的 hot a. 热的 important a. 重要的 just ad. 刚才；恰好；不过；仅 a. 公正的 interesting a. 有趣的 *international a. 国际的 Japanese a. 日本的，日本人的，日语的 lazy a. 懒惰的 last a. 最近刚过去的；最后的 ad. 最近刚过去； large a. 大的；巨大的Indian a. （美洲）印地安人的； 印度人的 kind n. 种；类 a. 善良的；友好的 late a. 晚的，迟的 ad. 晚地，迟地 left a. 左边的 ad. 向左 n. 左，左边 less（little 的比较级） a.& ad. 少于，小于 little (less, least) a. 小的，少的 lively a. 活泼的； 充满生气的 lonely a. 孤独的，寂寞的 long a. 长的，远 ad. 长久 loud a. 大}