此文章来之不易，熬夜肝了好久，希望大家喜欢！（如有不当，请斧正）如果您有宝贵的建议或者获取更多资源+q：7537289852016-2020英语四级翻译汇总2016年6月第1套:真题： 乌镇乌镇是浙江的一座古老的水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去的一千年里，乌镇的水洗和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都有会惊喜的发现。译文：Wuzhen, an ancient water town in Zhejiang, lies at the riverside of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is an attractive town, enjoying many ancient bridges, Chinese style inns and restaurants. Wuzhen did not experience much change in its river system and life style through the past one thousand years, which can be called a museum that displays the old civilization. All the houses there are built with stones and woods. For hundreds of years, the local people have built their markets and houses along the riverside. Tourists will be surprised by the spacious and well-built courtyards among the houses everywhere they go.2016年6月第2套:真题： 风筝在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2，400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。译文：In Weifang City, Shandong Province, the kite is a cultural symbol of the city as well as a toy for children. Weifang is known as the City of the Kite because it has a long history of two thousand four hundred years in flying the kite. It is said by some people that Motse one of the philosophers in ancient China spent three years in making the first kite in the world, and that the kite he made crashed the first day it flew in the sky. It is also believed by others that Luban the greatest carpenter in ancient China invented the kite, and that his kite made of wood and bamboo flew for three days before it landed on the ground.2016年6月第3套:真题： 功夫功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术(martial arts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。译文：Kung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts. The origin of Chinese Kung Fu can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training. It is one of the traditional Chinese sports which is practiced by both young and senior people. It has gradually become a unique element in Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, Kung Fu has hundreds of styles, which is the most practiced martial arts form around the world. Some features imitate the animal actions and others are enlightened by Chinese philosophical thoughts, myths and legends.2016年12月第1套: 红色真题：在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。译文：In Chinese culture, red usually symbols luckiness, longevity and happiness, therefore, red can be seen everywhere in Spring Festival and other celebrating occasions. When people give money as gift to families or close friends, they often put money in red envelopes. The other reason why red is so popular in China is that it is, at times, connected with Chinese revolution and the Communist party. Whereas, red does not always mean luckiness and happiness because in the past names of the dead were often written in red, therefore, it is an offensive behavior when people write Chinese names in red ink.2016年12月第2套: 白色真题：随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。译文：With China’s reform and opening up, currently many youngsters fancy the western-style wedding. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding ceremony, because white is regarded as the symbol of purity. However, in Chinese traditional culture, white is the color which is often used for the funeral. Therefore, please bear in mind that white flowers mustn’t be given to others as a gift to wish them well, especially to the elders or patients who are badly ill. Likewise, the gift money must be put in the red envelope instead of the white envelope.2016年12月第3套: 黄色真题：在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建（feudal）社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。译文：In Chinese culture, yellow is a significant color, which carries a unique symbolic meaning. It embodies rulers’ power and authority in feudal society, where yellow was specifically used for emperors, for example, royal palaces were painted with yellow tint and the imperial robes were yellow. However, average people were not allowed to wear clothes in that color. In China, yellow also means harvest. When crops are ripe in Fall, wild field are golden everywhere. Then people celebrate the good harvest with happiness and gratitude.2017年6月第1套:黄河真题：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。译文：The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However,due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.2017年6月第2套:珠江真题：珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。译文：The Pearl River, an extensiveriver systeminsouthern China, flows through Guangzhou City. Itis China’s third-longestriver, only after the Yangtze Riverand theYellow River. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.The nine largest cities of PRDhave a combined population of over 57 million.Since the reform and opening up (economic liberalization) was adopted by the Chinese governmentin the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.2017年6月第3套:长江真题：长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。译文：The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. It flows through a wide array of ecosystems and is habitat to several endemic and endangered species. The Yangtze River drains one-fifth of the land area of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Its river basin is home to one-third of the country’s population. The Yangtze plays a large role in the history, culture and economy of China. The Yangtze River Delta generates as much as 20% of the PRC’s GDP. For thousands of years, the river has been used for water, irrigation and industrial production. The largest hydro-electric power station in the world is located in the River.2017年12月第1套:泰山真题：泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。译文：Located in western Shandong province, Mount Tai stands over 1500 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 400 square kilometers. It is a renowned mountain which is not only spectacular but also of historical and cultural significance. Pilgrims have been visiting Mount Tai for the last over 3000 years. In recorded history, 72 emperors once came here to make a tour. Mount Tai has seen many writers who have traveled here for inspiration to make poems and compositions. Artists also come here for painting. That explains why Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and historic sites. It has now become one of the leading tourist attractions in China.2017年12月第2套:黄山真题：黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。译文：Located in southern Anhui province in eastern China, Huangshan is known for its unique natural scenery, particularly sunrises and sea of clouds. To appreciate the magnificence of the mountain, you have to look upward in most cases; while to enjoy the fascinating landscape of Huangshan, you’ve got to look downward. The humid climate of the area offers favorable conditions for tea trees to grow, which makes the surrounding area of Huangshan one of the major producers of tea. The mountain is also home to numerous hot springs, which are helpful for preventing skin disease. As one of the top tourist destinations in China, Huangshan represents the most popular theme of photographic works and traditional Chinese paintings.2017年12月第3套:华山真题：华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。译文：Mount Hua is located in Huayin City (Shaanxi, China), 120 kilometers away from Xi’an. It is part of the Qin Mountains, which divide not only northern and southern Shaanxi, but also south and north China. Unlike Mount Tai that used to be frequented by pilgrims, Mount Hua was not well visited by pilgrims as the roads up the mountain were extremely dangerous. Back then, however, those who wished to enjoy longevity ventured in Mount Hua quite a lot because numerous herbs, rare ones in particular, grew in the mountain. Since cable cars were installed in Mount Hua in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.2018年6月第1套:乘坐飞机出行真题：过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。译文：In the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese people. Today, with the development of China’s economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, more and more Chinese people, including many farmers and migrant workers, can travel by air. They can fly to all major cities, and many other cities are also planning to build airports. Air services continue to improve, and there are often cheap flights. In recent years, the number of people choosing to travel by air during holidays has been increasing.2018年6月第2套:乘坐公交车出行真题：公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。译文：Buses used to be the main means of transportation for the Chinese people. In recent years, with the number of private cars increasing, cities have been facing increasingly severe traffic problems. To encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have been making efforts to improve bus services. Bus facilities have been continuously renovated, and bus speed has also increased dramatically. However, bus fares are still cheap. Now, in most cities, many local elderly citizens can take a bus for free.2018年6月第3套:乘坐地铁出行真题：近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。译文：In recent years, more and more cities in China have begun to build subways. The development of subways can help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution in cities. The subway has the advantages of safety, speed and comfort. More and more people choose the subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every day. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more convenient to take the subway in China. In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take the subway. Many local elderly citizens can also take the subway for free.2018年12月第1套:手机阅读真题：由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序（apps）的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。译文：Because of the rapid development of communication network, the number of smartphone users in China has increased at an astonishing rate in recent years, which has significantly changed the way many people read. Nowadays they often read news and articles on smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and periodicals. The development of numerous mobile apps has enabled people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sales of paper books have been affected. But surveys show that though smartphone reading market has grown steadily, over half of adults still enjoy reading paper books.2018年12月第2套:手机依赖真题：越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序（apps）保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物、查找信息，因为手机便于携带。此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽视了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。译文：It is a fact that more and more Chinese can hardly live without their mobile phones nowadays. Many of them, including senior citizens, use mobile apps to keep in touch with others and expand their circles of friends. They also use mobile phones to shop online and search for information because they are portable. What’s more, communication through mobile apps costs less than traditional phone calls. However, this new trend results in the over-reliance on mobile phones when people are socializing. As a matter of fact, some young people have become so addicted to mobile phones that they have neglected the face-to-face communication with their family and friends.2018年12月第3套:移动支付真题：过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款很容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款而不愿用现金或信用卡为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。译文：The mobile payment market has thrived in China during the past few years. With the advent of the mobile Internet, mobile shopping has gradually become a trend. Young people aged from 18 to 30 have constituted the largest group of the mobile payment market. Because it is quite easy to make a payment by phone, many consumers would rather pay by mobile phone than in cash or by credit card. In order to encourage people to spend more, many stores offer discounts to consumers who use the mobile payment. As is predicted by experts, the mobile payment market in China still has great potential for development in the future.2019年6月第1套:舞狮真题：舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。译文：The lion dance has been a traditional Chinese folk art for more than 2000 years. In the lion dance, two performers share a lion costume, one moving the head and the other moving the body and tail. They skillfully cooperate to imitate the various movements of a lion. As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, so people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. Lion dances can also be seen on other important occasions, such as store openings and wedding ceremonies, which often attract many people to watch.2019年6月第2套:灯笼真题：灯笼起源于东汉, 最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。译文：Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and were at first used primarily for lighting. In the Tang Dynasty, people used red lanterns to celebrate a stable life. Since then, lanterns have became popular in many parts of China. Lanterns are usually made of brightly-colored tissue paper in a variety of shapes and sizes. In traditional Chinese culture, red lanterns symbolize a happy life and flourishing business, usually hung during festivals like the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and National Day. Today, red lanterns can be seen in many other parts of the world.2019年6月第3套:剪纸真题：剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后。从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。译文：Paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk art and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Paper cutting probably originates in the Han Dynasty, following the invention of paper. Since then, it has gained popularity in many places of China. The materials and tools used for paper cutting are simple: paper and scissors. Paper-cuts are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive occasions such as weddings and the Chinese New Year, red paper-cuts are the first choice for decorating doors and windows.2019年12月第1套:家庭教育真题：中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参与国际交流项目，以拓宽其视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣作出贡献。译文：Chinese families attach great importance to their children’s education. Many parents hold that they should work hard to ensure their children’s access to good education. Not only are they perfectly willing to invest in their children’s education, but they also spend much time urging them to study. Most parents expect their children to get admitted to elite universities. Owing to China s reform and opening-up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children grow up strong and healthy and make a contribution to the nation’s development and prosperity.2019年12月第2套:家庭观念真题：中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。译文：China’s family values are related to its cultural traditions. Harmonious extended families used to be very enviable. It was not uncommon in the past for four generations of a family to live under the same roof. According to the tradition, many young people continued to live with their parents after marriage. Today, that tradition is changing. As housing conditions improve, more and more young couples are opting to live apart from their parents. But the connections between them still remain strong. Many old people still help to look after their grandchildren. And young couples take time to visit their parents, especially during important festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.2019年12月第3套:汉族名字真题：中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。译文：The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given name. A distinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. For thousands of years, Chinese family names have been passed down through the father. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child to adopt the mother’s family name. Generally, a given name is made up of one or two characters, usually carrying the parents’ wishes for their child. It can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life they expect him or her to lead. Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of their child’s name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire life.2020年7月：火锅真题：在中国，火锅已有2000多年的历史，最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。吃火锅时，家人和朋友为坐在桌边，桌子中间放着热腾腾的火锅。人们可以根据自己的口味放肉，海鲜，蔬菜和其他配料，自己烹饪。人们可以一边尽情地聊天，一边享受美餐。译文：In China, hotpot has got a history more than 2000 years. It became popular among several coldest areas and it spread to many other place rapidly. Naturally , hotpot got more diverse form with the local taste. When eating hotpot, people get together to sit around a dining-table and the steaming hotpot will be in the middle on it. People can choose their favorite food such as meat, seafoods, vegetables and other side dishes to cook them. Diners will chat with each other deeply and enjoy the delicious foods.2020年9月第1套:茅台真题：茅台(Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒，在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。据说赤水沿岸的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期，那里的人们生产出了高质量的茅台，并把它贡给皇帝。自唐朝开始，这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。茅台味道柔和，有一种特殊的香味;适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳，有镇静作用，因而广受国内外消费者的喜爱。译文：Maotai is the most famous liquor in China. On the eve of the founding of New China, it was selected as the liquor for state banquets. It is said that villagers along the banks of the Chishui River started brewing Maotai 4,000 years ago. During the Western Han Dynasty, people there produced high-quality Maotai and gave it to the emperor. Since the Tang Dynasty, this kind of local wine has been transported overseas through the Maritime Silk Road.Maotai is soft in taste and special in fragrance. Moderate drinking can help relieve fatigue and has sedative effect, thus being widely loved by consumers at home and abroad.2020年9月第2套:茶文化真题：茶拥有5000年的历史。传说，神农氏( Shen Nong)喝开水时，几片野树叶子落进壶里开水顿时散发出宜人的香味。他喝了几口，觉得很提神。茶就这样发现了。自此，茶在中国开始流行。茶园遍布全国，茶商变得富有。昂贵、雅致的茶具成了地位的象征。今天，茶不仅是一种健康的饮品，而且是中国文化的一个组成部分。越来越多的国际游客一边品茶， 一边了解中国文化。译文：Tea has a history of 5000 years. Legend has it that when Shen Nong drank boiled water, several wild leaves fell into the pot and the boiled water immediately gave off a pleasant fragrance. After a few sips, he felt refreshed. This is how tea was discovered. Since then, tea has become popular in China. Tea plantations spread all over the country and thus tea merchants became rich. Expensive and elegant tea sets became a symbol of status. Today, tea is not only a healthy drink, but also an integral part of Chinese culture. More and more international tourists learn about Chinese culture while sipping tea.2020年9月第3套:北京烤鸭真题：你如果到北京旅游，必须做两件事:一件是登长城，另一件是吃北京烤鸭。闻名遐迩的北京烤鸭曾仅限于宫廷，而现在北京数百家餐厅均有供应。北京烤鸭源于600年前的明代。来自全国各地的厨师被挑选出来到京城为皇帝做饭。人们认为在皇宫做饭是一种莫大的荣誉，只有厨艺出众者才能获得这份工作。事实上，正是这些宫廷厨师使北京烤鸭的烹饪艺术日臻完善。译文：If you travel to Beijing, you must do two things: one is to climb the Great Wall and the other is to eat Beijing Roast Duck. The famous Beijing Roast Duck was only limited to the royal court once, however, now it is available in hundreds of restaurants in Beijing. Beijing Roast Duck originated 600 years ago in the Ming Dynasty. Chefs from all over the country were selected to cook for the emperor in the capital of the country. It is considered as a great honor to cook in the royal court, and only those with outstanding cooking skills can get this job. In fact, it is these royal court chefs who have perfected the culinary art of Beijing Roast Duck.2020年12月第1套:真题：生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多中多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的饮食中，肉类和奶制品更为常用。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。译文：People living in different parts of China have a variety of diets. Northerners mainly eat noodles, while southerners mostly eat rice. In coastal areas, seafood and freshwater aquatic products account for a considerable proportion of people’s diet, while in other areas, people’s diets, meat and dairy products are more commonly used. Residents in Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces generally like spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweets. However, because of different cooking methods, the taste of similar foods may be different.2020年12月第2套:真题：春节前夕吃年夜饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”和“余”字听上去一样。在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。译文：It is a Chinese tradition to eat New Year’s Eve dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival. As the most important dinner of the year, reunion dinner is the best time for family reunion, especially for families whose families live in different places. The dishes on the reunion dinner are rich and varied, some of which have special meanings. Rich and varied cuisine on the reunion dinner, some dishes have a special meaning. For example, fish is an indispensable dish because the Chinese characters for “fish” and “yu”(which means abundant in English) sound the same. In many places in China, dumplings are also an important delicacy, because dumplings symbolize wealth and good luck.2020年12月第3套:真题：鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字与“余”字的发音相同。正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省的愈多，就感到愈为安全。今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。译文：Fish is an indispensable dish on the table on the eve of the Spring Festival, because the Chinese character “fish” and “abundant” are pronounced the same.Because of this symbolic meaning, fish are also given as gifts to relatives and friends during the Spring Festival.The symbolic meaning of fish is said to be derived from traditional Chinese culture.The Chinese have a tradition of saving. Chinese people have a tradition of saving, saving the more they think, the more we feel safe.Today, even though people are getting richer, they still believe that saving is a virtue worth promoting.}

翻译例文历史文化1、 冬至冬至为每年的公里12月22日左右。冬至是北半球全年最短，黑夜最长的一天。过了冬至，白天就会一天天变长，各地气候就进入了一年中最寒冷的阶段。我国古代对冬至很重视。冬至被当做一个较大的节日。曾有“冬至大于年”的说法，而且有庆贺冬至的习俗。北方地区冬至吃饺子。南方有冬至吃面的习惯。Occurring around December 22each year. the winter solstice is a day which has the shortest daytime and the longest http://nighttime.in the northern hemisphere. After that day. the day will become longer and longer. while the climate enters the coldest stage of the year. In ancient China. the winter solstice is so imporment that there was a saying went that the winter solstice was as imporment as the spring festival. There are many traditional custom to celebrate the winter solstice. People of northern china eat dumplings to celebrate the winter solstice. People of southern china eat noodles on that day. 2、 兵马俑在中国参观兵马俑 (Terracotta Warriors and Horses)时,很多人都会兴趣盎然。这一奇迹建于秦始皇统治时期。秦始皇名嬴政,生于公元前259年,秦王之子。他于公元前221年统一六国,建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权的、统一的多民族 (multi-ethnic)封建国家。为了巩固新政权,秦始皇在各个领域推行改革,如统一汉字、货币和度量衡(weights and measures),为中国封建社会的发展作出了突出贡献。Many people may feel fascinated when they are visiting the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in China. This miracle was constructed under the reign of Qin Shi Huang. Qin Shi Huang, born as Ying Zheng in 259 BC, was the son of the king of the Qin State. He united the six independent kingdoms and founded the first centralized, unified, multi-ethnic feudal state in Chinese history in 221 BC. In order to consolidate the nascent empire, Qin Shi Huang conducted reforms in various areas. For example, he standardized Chinese writing, currency, weights and measures. Qin Shi Huang has made outstanding contributions to the development of China’s feudal society.3、 十二生肖十二生肖（the twelve Chinese Zodiacs）是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。根据中国的十二生肖, 每一年都与十二种动物中的一种有联系。你也许听说过中国人用十二生肖动物作为纪年的周期系统。在西方，中国十二生肖的十二种动物已经越来越为人们所熟悉。十二生肖代表的动物的性格特点各不相同，每一种动物都代表着与该生肖相关的信仰、寓意和传统智慧。龙是十二生肖中唯一的神话兽，在龙年出生的人被认为是吉祥的。The twelve Chinese Zodiacs play an important role in the traditional Chinese culture. According to the twelve Chinese Zodiacs, each year is associated with one of the twelve animals. You’ve probably heard that Chinese people regard the twelve animals as the foundation of the zodiac system. In the West, the twelve creatures of the Chinese Zodiacs have become increasingly familiar to people. The twelve symbolic animals have their own characteristics, with each animal representing relevant beliefs, connotations and traditional wisdom. Among the twelve animals, dragon is the only mythical beast, and to be born in the Year of Dragon is regarded as propitious.4、 中国书法中国书法作为汉字书写的艺术,具有非常悠久的历史。它是中国艺术的最高形式之一,既能传达思想,又能展示线条抽象的美感。人们还普遍认为,练习书法能够使人保持身体健康。中国历史上的书法家多有长寿之辈,也证实了这一说法。人们在练习书法时全神贯注,被书法作品的魅力深深吸引,从而对令人不快的事情视而不见,听而不闻,取而代之的是一种平静和轻松,以及一种舒适怡然的心理状态,这对身心大有裨益。As an art of writing Chinese characters, Chinese calligraphy boasts a considerably long history. It is one of the highest forms of Chinese art, serving the purposes of conveying thoughts and showcasing the abstract beauty of lines of Chinese characters. It is also widely acknowledged that Chinese calligraphy plays a part in preserving the health of those who practice it, which is supported by the long lives of many calligraphers in Chinese history. When one is practicing calligraphy, he or she highly concentrates and is spellbound by the charm of the work, turning a blind eye and a deaf ear to unpleasant things. A sense of calm and relaxation and a comfortable psychological state take them over, which is highly beneficial to both the body and mind.5、 长城说到中国文化,不能不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪,在大约2 200年的时间里,先后有19个朝代修建过长城,所修的长城长达10万千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。现今存有遗迹的主要是明长城,从东边入海口的山海关(Shanhai Pass)开始,一直到沙漠深处的嘉峪关(Jiayu Pass),全长约6 700千米。长城是世界历史上最伟大的工程之一,其建造时间之长、参与人数之多、工程难度之大,在世界上无出其右。When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is the one that will be definitely referred to. Through about 2 200 years from the 7th century BC to the 16th century AD, the Great Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached a total length of more than 100 000 kilometers. The major construction was carried out in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties. The Great Wall we visit nowadays is mainly the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, stretching about 6 700 kilometers from Shanhai Pass at the eastern river mouth to Jiayu Pass in the depths of desert. The Great Wall is one of the greatest projects in the history of the world for its unparalleled span of construction, amount of labor and difficulty.6、 传统画中国传统画家的目标在于不仅要描绘主体的外观,还要捕捉其内在本质——活力、生命力和精神。他们用最经济的手段——毛笔和墨水——实现了这一点。为了实现这一目标,中国传统画家往往拒绝使用彩色。如同喜欢拍摄黑白作品的摄影师,中国传统艺术家认为彩色会分散注意力。他们还拒绝使用具有多变性的光和影。与之相反,他们依靠笔墨留下的不可磨灭的(indelible)痕迹——线条。中国传统画家之所以精通这种绘画技术,原因可能在于他们前期的书法(calligraphy)训练。This is the aim of traditional Chinese painters: not only to describe the outer appearance of a subject but also to capture its inner essence—its energy, life force and spirit. They achieve this with the most economical means: brushes and ink. In order to reach this goal, they tend to reject the use of color. Like photographers who prefer to work in black and white, traditional Chinese artists regard color as the distraction. They also reject the use of light and shadow, which have changeable qualities. Instead, they rely on the line—the indelible mark of the brush and the ink. The reason why traditional Chinese painters can master this skill likely lies in their previous practice of calligraphy.7、 古筝古筝(guzheng)是一种古老的中国民族乐器。它是一种弹拨乐器(plucked instrument),其发音清脆悦耳。古筝的历史可以追溯到公元前5世纪至公元前3世纪的战国(the Warring States)时期,经秦汉时代由西北地区流传至全国。古筝音色(timbre)高洁典雅、富有神韵(romantic charm)。从古至今,古筝音乐都深受各阶层人士的欢迎与喜爱,是一种雅俗共赏的艺术。古筝已经成为中国传统文化的一部分,也是世界各民族共同的文化艺术财富。As an ancient Chinese national musical instrument, the guzheng is a kind of plucked instrument with a clear and pleasant sound. The history of the guzheng can date back to the period of the Warring States from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, and then the guzheng spread to all over the country from the Northwest region during the Qin and Han Dynasties. The guzheng has a noble and elegant timbre full of romantic charm. The music produced by the guzheng has been welcomed and loved by people from all walks of life from ancient times to the present and it is an art form appealing to both refined and popular tastes. The guzheng has become a part of traditional Chinese culture as well as the treasure of culture and art shared by different nations in the world.8、 饮食生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例,而在其他地区人们的饮食中,肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物,而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而,因为烹饪方式各异,同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。People living in different parts of China have a variety of eating habits. People in the north mainly eat food made from flour, while people in the south mostly eat rice. In coastal areas, seafood and freshwater products account for a large proportion of people's diet, while in other areas, meat and dairy products are more common. Residents in provinces such as Sichuan and Hunan generally prefer spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang have a sweet tooth. However, similar foods may have different tastes due to different cooking methods.9、 筷子中国人用筷子是特定文化的产物。中国是个农业大国，食物多以蔬菜为主，用筷子适宜取食。中国文化推崇集体主义(collectivism),崇尚融合，体现在吃饭的方式上就是使用筷子。中国人实行合餐制(communal meals)，用餐的人在同一个盘子中取食，用筷子可以限制个别人大量取食。因此，筷子的使用既保留了集体主义的形态，又限制了个人主义的膨胀。The using of chopsticks is the product of the Chinese culture. China is an agricultural country and the Chinese rely on vegetables for food. Chopsticks are very convenient tools for eating. Chinese culture advocates collectivism and stresses harmony. In terms of eating customs, using chopsticks is the expression of this kind of culture. The Chinese like to have communal meals where everybody eats food out of the same plate. Chopsticks are used in order to discourage people from eating much more than others. Therefore, the using of chopsticks has not only preserved collectivism, but also limited the swell of individualism.10、 武汉武汉是湖北省的省会，历史悠久，风景优美，有著名的黄鹤楼(Yellow Crane Tower)、东湖风景区等名胜。此外，武汉也是我国水、陆、空交通的枢纽(hub)，是一个重要的工商业城市。武汉市与80多个国家和地区有经济往来。武汉东湖高新技术开发区集中了20多所高等院校和120多个科研单位，在设施和人才方面均具有一定的优势。来自全国各地的专家们汇聚于此，进行合作研究。As the capital city of Hubei Province, Wuhan has a long history and beautiful scenery such as the Yellow Crane Tower and the East Lake Scenic Spot. In addition, Wuhan is also a hub of water, land and air transportation and a city of industrial and commercial importance. The city keeps economic ties with over 80 countries and regions. Over 20 colleges and universities as well as more than 120 research institutions are concentrated in the East Lake New and High Technology Development Region of the city, boasting an advantage of facilities and talent. Specialists from all over the country gather here, carrying out joint research.社会发展1、 人口老龄化老龄化对国家财政的影响众所周知,如医疗和养老金(pension)支出急剧上涨。然而，老龄化的影响远不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。最令人担忧的是，劳动力短缺、劳动力市场不稳定和生产力下降等问题都会对社会发展造成严重威胁。中国的平均收入水平仍然停留在低收入阶段，这使得中国人口老龄化问题尤其复杂。The impact of aging on national finances is well known, namely soaring healthcare and pension costs. However, the influences of aging are much more than this. In an aging society, labor markets, saving patterns and migration flows will change. Most worryingly, labor shortage, unstable labor market and declining productivity pose serious threats to the development of society. Aging of population in China is particularly complex because the average income of Chinese still stays at a low level.2、 垃极分类随着城市化的发展，中国的垃圾问题日益严峻。面对日益增长的垃圾产量和环境状况的恶化。中国政府正在努力推行垃极分类(garbage classification)的政策。垃圾分类是指按一定规定或标准将垃圾分类储存、投放和搬运，从而转变成公共资源的一系列活动的总称。它可以减少垃圾处理量，降低处理成本，减少土地资源的消耗，对社会、经济、生态三方面都有益。With the development of urbanization, the garbage problem in China becomes increasingly urgent. Confronted with the growing garbage output and deteriorating environment, the Chinese government is implementing the policy of garbage classification with great effort. Garbage classification refers to the general term of a series of activities that classify, store, put and carry garbage according to certain regulations or standards, and then turn it into public resources. It can reduce not only the amount of garbage that needs to be disposed but also the deposing cost and the usage of land, which will benefit our society, economy and environment.3、 电子商务近几年,电子商务的迅猛发展加快了电子货币(electronic money)的普遍应用。电子货币是通过电脑或手机等电子化方式来支付的货币。电子货币最典型的例子是比特币(bitcoin),它可以用现金购买,还能像其他任何货币一样进行交易。与现金支付相比,电子货币更加方便,增加了社会效益(social benefit),但对银行经营方式产生了冲击。安全性一直是电子货币使用过程中最受关注的问题,因此要建立完善的电子货币支付系统,保证支付的安全性。E-commerce has undergone tremendous growth in recent years, accelerating the widespread application of electronic money. Electronic money is the currency which is used to pay by electronic means like a computer or mobile phone. The most typical example of electronic money is the bitcoin, which can be bought with real money and used to trade like any other currency. Compared with the cash payment, it is more convenient and raises the social benefit, but it has an impact on the way the bank operates. Security has always been the biggest concern in the process of using electronic money, so it is required to establish a perfect electronic money payment system to ensure the security of payment.4、 绿色交通经过多年的摸索,绿色交通的理念已经成为我国交通运输行业发展的共识。根据规划,今年我国交通运输行业有关指标将实现大幅提升,基本建成低碳交通运输体系。要实现这一目标,加快智能交通系统 (intelligent transportation system)与信息化建设、不断推动多项信息化技术在交通领域的应用成为重要的工作着力点。信息化技术应用在交通领域的广泛展开,不仅展现出良好的发展前景,也会促使相关领域的企业加大合作力度。With many years of groping, the idea of green transportation has already become common sense in China’s development of the transportation industry. According to the plan, the relevant indicators of China’s transportation industry will rise sharply this year and a low-carbon transportation system will be basically established. To achieve this goal, we should accelerate the development of the intelligent transportation system and information technology and keep promoting the applications of many information technologies in the transportation field, which is the key work focus. The extensive applications of information technology in the transportation field not only present a good prospect, but also prompt the enterprises in the relevant fields to strengthen their cooperation.5、 低碳生活倡导低碳生活,提高公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事,只要人人都树立绿色环保意识,坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起,那么就一定能共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活,要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作、生活的方方面面；要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动,全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识,提高全社会的低碳环保意识。Advocating the low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens’ consciousness of energy conservation and emission reduction are important measures against global warming. Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult. As long as we establish the consciousness of green environmental protection and keep starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us, we can make the low-carbon lifestyle available to all. To achieve that, we should make the idea of green environmental protection popular. We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life; we should carry out the targeted training about the low-carbon lifestyle; we should actively advocate volunteer activities and comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emission reduction, as well as environmental protection and others so as to increase people’s consciousness of environmental protection to live a low-carbon life in the whole society.科技环境1、 网上银行中国的大多数银行现已能够提供完全可靠的、功能多样的网上银行业务，不收取或只收取少许费用。随着越来越多的网上银行业务的成功以及越来越多的客户登录它们的网站，网上银行业务很可能变得像自动取款机一样普及。许多网上银行的网站现在还提供先进的理财工具，可以帮助客户更有效地理财。目前，银行业面临的挑战在于如何使客户乐于学习使用并信任这种新型的服务平台。The majority of banks in China are capable of providing completely reliable and multiple functional online banking services, free of charge or of little charge. With an increasing number of successful online banking business and more log-ins of online customers, online banking services could probably become as widespread as ATM machines. Now, many online banking websites also offer advanced tools to help customers manage their finances more effectively. The challenge that the bank industry is confronted with today lies in how to get customers to be willing to learn to use and trust this new-style service platform.2、 手机越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人,包括老年人,都使用手机应用程序(apps)保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物、查找信息,因为手机便于携带。此外,使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。然而,这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。事实上,一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾,以至于忽视了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。It is a fact that more and more Chinese can hardly do without their mobile phones nowadays. Many of them, including senior citizens, use mobile apps to keep in touch and expand their circle of friends. They also use mobile phones to shop online and search for information because they are portable. What's more, communication through mobile apps costs less than traditional phones. However, this new trend results in the overdependence on mobile phones in social contact. As a matter of fact, some young people have become so addicted to mobile phones that they have neglected the face-to-face communication with their family and friends.3、 新能源汽车新能源汽车共享项目已在北京、上海等多个城市展开。这种新型的服务有望在未来几年为中国分享经济注入新的活力。要享受共享汽车服务，你需要先下载客户端，然后注册会员，上传本人身份证和驾照实物照片。经审核通过并交纳押金（deposit）后，即可通过扫描二维码（QR code）使用租车服务。押金主要用于车辆损坏、违章以及发生行政处罚所产生的费用。租车费用依据实际里程（mileage）和实际用车时间计算。The new energy vehicle-sharing project has been launched in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. This new type of service is expected to add new vitality into China's sharing economy in the next few years. To enjoy the car-sharing service, you need to first download the App, then register to become a member and upload photos of your ID card and your driver's license. After passing the review and paying the deposit, you can use the car-sharing service by scanning the QR code. The deposit is mainly used for paying fees arising from car damage, violations of regulations and administrative punishment. The car rental is charged according to the actual mileage and the usage time.4、 互联网互联网已经成为人们获取信息的重要途径。互联网进入中国后，中国的广播电台、电视台就开始利用其资源优势和品牌优势开展网络新闻传播(dissemination)，满足人们对新闻信息的巨大需求。目前已建成了一批综合新闻信息服务网站，不仅增加了权威新闻信息传播的广度，为传统媒体自身发展拓展了新的空间，也逐渐成为人们获取新闻信息的重要渠道。The Internet has become an important way for people to get information. Ever since it was introduced into China, China's radio and television stations have taken advantage of their resources and brands to launch Internet news dissemination in order to meet people's great needs for news. A number of websites providing comprehensive news service have been established, which has not only extended the scope of the authoritative news dissemination and expanded new space for the development of traditional media, but also has gradually become the important channel for people to obtain news.5、 “光盘”行动据可靠数据，中国餐饮业一年浪费的食物相当于两亿多人一年的口粮。面对严重的食物浪费，北京一家民间公益组织利用微博发起了一项反对浪费的行动——“光盘”行动(“clean your plate” campaign)。“光盘”行动提倡节约，反对浪费，呼吁人们把宴会后没吃完的剩菜带回家，在社会上得到了广泛响应。人们纷纷行动起来，就连餐馆也推出了小份菜(smaller dish)、半份菜(half-portioned dish)和拼盘菜(assorted dish)来反对食物浪费。Reliable data indicates that food wasted in catering business of China is equivalent to the amount consumed by more than 200 million people during one year. Faced with the serious problem of food waste, a non-profit folk organization in Beijing launched an anti-waste activity dubbed “clean your plate” campaign through microblog. This campaign calls for people to take leftovers home after a banquet so as to advocate thrift and fight against waste, and has received an extensive response from the public. Many people take actions immediately. Even restaurants have begun to fight against wasting food by offering smaller dishes, half-portioned dishes and assorted dishes.同义转换形容词：1、有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous = animated2、富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3、优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4、积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial = advantageous5、消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful = undesirable6、明显的：obvious = apparent = evident = manifest7、健康的：healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8、惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9、美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous10、流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive动词：1、提高，加强：improve = enhance = promote = strengthen = optimize2、引起：cause = trigger = endanger3、解决：solve = resolve = address = tackle = cope with = deal with4、拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5、培养：develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6、激发，激励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7、认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue8、完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish = achieve9、保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10、有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11、减轻：ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten名词：1、影响：influence = impact2、危险：danger = perils = hazard3、污染：pollution = contamination4、人类：human beings = mankind = human race5、老人：old people = the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6、幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7、老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8、教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9、青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10、优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11、责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12、能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13、职业：job = career = employment = profession14、娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation = entertainment15、孩子：children = offspring = descendant = kid短语：1、充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2、努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3、从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4、在当代：in contemporary society = in present-day society = in this day and age5、大量的：a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of高级词汇短语合集：1、accelerate：后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。2、adequate：“足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。3、advance：名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。4、advisable / sensible / rational：“合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。5、cannot afford to：“不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。6、be alert to something：“对……保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。7、alternative：“其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相当于in addition（除此之外）了。8、applicable / feasible / workable：都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，即可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。9、approach / channel：“方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method等等。10、approve of something：“批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。11、attach importance to something：表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。12、ban / prohibit something：“禁止，杜绝”，表达这个含义时尽量不要使用stop。13、barrier / obstacle / impediment：“障碍，阻碍”，名词，在写作考试中经常被用到。14、capital / fund：解决社会问题时一般都会提到需要投资，可以用到这两个单词，替代money。Finance金融financial。15、challenging：“困难，有难度”，用来替代difficult。16、in such circumstances：“在这类情况下”，写作时用于总结某个内容。17、considerable：“相当大，相当多的”，非常用的修饰语，比如considerable changes就是相当大的变化。18、in contrast：“相反”，用来替代我们经常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。19、conversely：“相反地”，也可以用来替代on the contrary，on the other hand。20、copy / repeat one’s experience / success：“借鉴别人的经验，成功经验”。21、critical：“至关重要的”，用于替代important。22、currently：“目前”，用来替代now，nowadays。23、damage：作为名词，表示“损失、损失金额”，动词表示“损坏”的搭配能力非常强，和表示物品或抽象概念的动词都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用来替代destroy。24、decline：“衰退”，表示数字下降得比较缓慢，在图表作文中根据图表曲线的实际情况使用，替代我们使用的普通单词decrease。25、defect：“缺点，不足”，用来替代“shortcoming”。26、demonstrate / illustrate：“说明，表明”，用在图表作文中替代show，reveal等单词。27、depict / portray：“描述，描绘”，在漫画作文中替代describe。28、deteriorate：“恶化”，用于替代get bad或者get worse。29、devise：“设计，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的内容。30、discard / abandon：“放弃，抛弃”，用于表达放弃消极想法或做法。31、dispute：“争端，冲突”，用来替代problem，argument。32、drop：“下降”，用来替代decrease。这个词表示下降比较快，如果再用修饰语，应当是sharply，dramatically，drastically。这三个单词一般都用在消极的单词上。积极的用greatly。33、eliminate：“消除”，用于写作与社会消极问题有关的文章。34、emerge as：“逐渐崛起并成为”，这个词组虽然很短，但是含义非常复杂，可以用在文章的开头，表达某种事物或社会现象从无到有，并迅速传播。比如Internet has emerged as an indispensable channel for people to exchange information。35、employ：“采纳，采用”，与表示“观点，方法，政策，法令”等英语单词搭配使用，用来替代adopt。36、enforce：“执行”法律法规，通常用于作文结束部分，对某个社会问题提出解决办法时使用。37、essential：“至关重要，核心的”，用来替代important。38、It is generally established that：“众所周知，公认”。39、when the situation is reversed：“相反”，用来替代on the contrary。40、excessive：“过度的”，这个词在表达消极概念时都可以做修饰语，副词形式。（一）、典型性议论文，题目是一句「名言」以 2020 年 9 月作文为例第一套：Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.第二套：What is worth doing is worth doing well.第三套：Wealth of the mind is the only true wealth.（二）、非典型性议论文，题目是一个短语/how/why/what以 2019 年 12 月作文为例第一套：the importance of having a sense of social responsibility.第二套：the importance of having a sense of family responsibility.第三套：the importance of having a sense of community responsibility.对于以上这两种类型的作文，可以总结成一个模板进行，毕竟有相似之处。提出 2 个论点即可，1 个论点有时候也可以但是你未必能写得那么深刻。上面是根据作文的模式我自己一般按照这个思路，这是真题里面的一段中间部分，只是说一下这个思路，附上我的常用表达，不在于多在于精通。1、开头1）典型性议论文（名言）Nowadays, there has been growing awareness that +名词短语+plays an/a important/significant role in living/our daily life. Just as the saying goes,「名言.」摆出现象，引出名言，开门见山。Eg. For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.（2020 年 9 月作文）写法：Nowadays, there has been growing awareness that beauty of the soul plays a significant role in our daily life. Just as the saying goes, 「Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.」（30 词左右）2）非典型性议论文（短语/how/why/what）Nowadays, there has been growing awareness that +题目+plays an/a important/significant role in living/our daily life. So each of us should learn to +题目去掉动词.分析：摆出现象，呼吁开头，开门见山。Eg. For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility.（2019 年 12 月作文）写法：Nowadays, there has been growing awareness that having a sense of social responsibility plays a significant role in our daily life. So each of us should learn to realize the importance of social responsibility.（30 词左右）Tip:这个开头简直百发百中，在历届作文中都可以这么套用，可以自己试着练习历届作文题目，一上来不至于还得想半天，直接直奔主题，节省写作时间。2、中间1）现象与自身总结句+现象一般情况（背景+作用）+学生自身（背景+怎么做）Eg. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of family responsibility.（2019 年 12 月作文）Everyone has certain roles to take on in his or her family. （总结句）Parents are expected to ensure their children are well-nourished and well-educated, helping them build a strong body and great character. 现象一般情况（背景＋作用）We college students also need to take our responsibility as adult children. Being independent of our parents as early as possible lightens the financial burden on them. Learning to be mature and sensible can prevent us from becoming a constant source of worry to them. Fulfilling our filial duty to the best of our abilities allows them to enjoy life in midlife years, retirement, and the twilight years. 学生自身（背景+怎么做）2）正反面正面+反面+展望（自身）Eg.For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.（2019 年 6 月作文）Highly motivated students find learning pleasant and rewarding, and therefore maintain a strong desire to acquire new knowledge and skills, and enough courage to meet new challenges. （正面）Unmotivated students, in contrast, feel like they are forced to learn and get bored easily with this seemingly endless process.（反面）In addition, proper methods are a contributing factor in increased efficiency and positive learning outcomes. Top students don』t necessarily spend the most amount of time on learning, but more often than not have found the right ways to improve their academic performance.（展望）3、结尾1）典型性议论文【名言】To sum up, if we attach importance to+题目，life/society will reward us with satisfaction/health and fulfillment/harmony. This is undoubtedly favorable to the development of both N. and N.（名词可以根据具体语境换）Eg.For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty.（2020 年 9 月作文）写法：To sum up, if we attach importance to beauty of the soul，life will reward us with satisfaction and harmony. This is undoubtedly favorable to the development of both us and others.（30 词左右）2）非典型性议论文【短语】To sum up, if we make a conscious effort to+题目，life/society will reward us with satisfaction/health and fulfillment/harmony. This is undoubtedly favorable to the development of both N. and N.（名词可以根据具体语境换）Eg.For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility.（2019 年 12 月作文）写法：To sum up, if we make a conscious effort to have a sense of social responsibility, society will reward us with health and harmony. This is undoubtedly favorable to the development of both us and the society.（30 词左右）模板1.Never in our history has the matter of... drawn so much attention among the general public.一直以来......的问题从未受到大众们如此多的关注。2. In our contemporary society the issue of... has been brought into focus.在我们当代社会，...的问题成为备受关注的热点。3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over...最近越来越多的人关注.....4. ..has become a hot topic among the general public, especially among the college students....已经成为人们关注的的热门话题，尤其是在大学生当中。5. Everything has two sides and... is not an exception, which has both pros and cons.任何事物都具有双面性，....也不例外，它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。6. We human being are now confronted with the big trouble caused by.... which is becoming progressively serious.人类正面临着一个.....引起的严重问题，而这个问题还在不断恶化着。7. Obviously, ...is definitely an irreplaceable tool in our daily routine.很明显，...绝对是我们日常生活中不可替代的工具。8. There is an old proverb... It's the experience of our ancestors, and it still makes sense in many cases even today.俗话说......这是我们祖先的经验之谈，而即使在今天，这句话依然很多场合都适用。9. According to a recent survey conducted by the magazine of...根据...杂志所进行的调查10.It is estimated/has been estimated that...据估算…11. It has been reported that...据报道…12. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for sb to do sth.让某人做某事几乎是不可能的。13. There is no doubt that...
It is far beyond dispute that.. 毫无疑问.....16. It does't matter wh- ; what really matters is... .....不重要， 重要的是......17.A is not B any more than C is D./ A不是B，就像C不是D一样。18. A and B has several points in common. /A和B有很多相似处。22. Why you may wonder should we...? The reasons are as follows ...你可能好奇为什么我们需要....原因如下23. There are several factors accounting for this phenomenon.有如下的原因可以解释这个现象。24. There are several measures for us to adopt.我们有几个可以采纳的方法。25. Of all the factors, the most indispensable must be that...在所有的因素中，最不可或缺的就是....26. Besides what
have mentioned above,another crucial reason might be that...除开上述理由，另一个重要的原因就.....27. People used to cling to the view that..;however, things may change in this ever-changing society.人们过去总坚信.....但是在这样一个日新月异的时代，事情是会改变的。28. The immediate consequence it might produce is...它可能产生的直接问题......29. A good case in point is...典型的事例就是.....30. ..is often cited as an example.人们常常以.....为例。31. No one can deny the fact that...没人可以否定....的事实。32. It is advisable for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是理智的。33. By no means should we do sth.我们绝不可以做.....34. It is hightime that we did sth.是时候去做.....了35. When it come to sth, some people think that...每次提到....人们都会认为.....36. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that.../ 众所周知.....37. Sth, so at least it seems to me, is.../ 某事至少于我而言是38. With the development of our modern society./ 随着现代社会的的发展.39.Living in a world full of changes and challenges, we are confronted with new problems every single day.生活在一个充满变化和挑战的世界，我们每天都会遇到各种的新的问题。40. As for me, I prefer the former/latter./ 于我而言，我选择前者/后者。41. As far as I am concerned, I would like to.../ 与我而言，我愿意42. When it comes to me, my decision is to.../ 对我来说，我的选择是..43. I would appreciate it if you can give me a prompt reply.如果你能给我及时回复，我会很感激44. Feel free to contact me if you have any question.有任何问题请随时联系我。46. Only when humanity began to pay enough attention to severe consequence of the problem are there possibilities for us to addressit.只有意识到问题的严重后果，才有可能去解决这个问题。48. What is interesting and intriguing is that sb do sth.最引人瞩目的就......50. Admittedly, views on that might vary/differ from one to another.诚然，关于这件事上人们观点是不一样的警句类破题句>>1. Reading this famous saying, we can naturally perceive its connotation that+名言 警句的内涵2. This famous saying conveys a universal fact/ phenomenon that+ 名言警句的内涵漫画类作文描述图画句>>1. It is vividly/clearly depicted in the picture that+图画中的人物、话语或事件2. Given is a simple/ironical but thought-provoking/ enlightening picture/cartoon，in which+图画中的人物、话语或事件3. What is clearly described in the drawing above is that+图画中的人物、话语或事件4. The cartoon subtly and symbolically depicts a thought- provoking scenario in which+图画中的人物、话语或事件表达不同观点的万能句>>1. People' s views ....vary from person to person. Some hold that...However，others believe that.....人们对....的观点因人而异，有些人认为...然而其他人却认为...2. People may have different opinions ...... (人们对...可能会持有不同见解)3. Attitudes towards ....vary from person to person. =Different people hold different attitudes toward..... (人们对....的态度因人而异)4. There are different opinions among people as...... (对....人们的观点大不相同)提出建议万能句>>1. It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). (该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了)2. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problemof...(毫无疑问，对..问题应予以足够重视).3. Obviously ，if we want to do something ... it is essential that.....(显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是......采取措施万能句>>1: We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2: We should try our best to over/ conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3: We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做.....4: We should solve the problems that we are confronted/ faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难万能结尾句>>1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …从以上的讨论我们可以肯定地得出结论，即…2. Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…3.Overall, there is compelling evidence that …, and it follows that in this respect …总的说来，令人信服的证据是…，而且在这方面随之而来的是…4.The analysis we have made leads to a sound idea that …由我们的分析得出一个正确的见解，即…5.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…6. Therefore, we can reach the following conclusion … 因此，我们可以得出这样的结论…7.The evidence upon all sides leads to a just conclusion that …基于各方面证据，就产生这样一个公正的结论。8.All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that …所有分析证实了一个不可动摇的观点，即…9.All reliable evidence points to the fact that …所有可靠的证据都表明这一事实…10.All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that …所有的证据都支持一个毫无疑问的结论…}