1.1 镜像下载官方镜像下载地址：https://releases.ubuntu.com/本次安装采用操作系统镜像为：Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS1.2 系统启动盘制作U盘：8G以上U盘，格式为NTFS（FAT32文件系统能够保存的文件最大不能超过4GB）U盘启动盘制作工具：deepin-boot-makerdeepin-boot-maker下载地址为：https://www.onlinedown.net/soft/10036325.htm傻瓜式制作过程就省略了…1.3 BIOS设置进入BIOS设置主要按键有：DEL, ESC, F1, F2, F8, F9, F10, F12，不同品牌的主机进入BIOS的按键不同，可以自行百度。将第一启动项改成U盘，保存退出1.4 常见问题及解决方式引导方式错误（ERROR: BIOS/LEGACY BOOT OF UEFI-ONLY MEDIA）解决方式其实已经在界面上标明了：方式一：在BIOS设置中，将legacy引导切换为UEFI引导。在BIOS中，UEFI和legacy support是两种不同的引导方式,UEFI是新式的BIOS，legacy是传统BIOS，二者可以切换。方式二：将U盘分区方式改成MBR。1.初始化root用户密码并切换root用户输入命令sudo passwd即可设置密码。设置完成后，输入su root输入密码，即可切换用户。2.安装并配置vim和SSH服务1.安装vim：sudo apt install vim2.安装SSH服务：sudo apt install openssh-server3.修改配置文件：sudo vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config4.允许root用户ssh连接：修改配置文件的权限：sudo chmod 777 /etc/ssh/sshd_config修改配置文件：sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config将PermitRootLogin字段修改为yes即可PermitRootLogin yes
5.启动ssh服务：sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start6.检测ssh服务是否启动：ps -e
grep ssh7.去其他主机远程登录即可3.解决Ubuntu18终端无法复制粘贴的问题逐行运行以下命令并重启：卸载已有工具：sudo apt-get autoremove open-vm-tools安装open-vm-tools工具：sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools安装open-vm-tools-desktop：sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop4.网络配置4.1网络源配置1.备份配置文件：sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/init_sources.list2.修改权限：chmod 777 /etc/apt/sources.list3.修改内容：vi /etc/apt/sources.list将文件中内容清空，再添加新的软件源地址，常用国内源地址如下：#阿里源地址
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#华为源地址
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
#中科大源地址
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#清华源地址
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe ultiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe ultiverse
4.更新系统软件源地址:apt-get update4.2 静态ip设置（通过图形界面配置）1.搜索网络选项2.配置静态网络配置完成后，点击保存即可4.2 静态ip设置（通过命令行配置）1.安装net-tools网络管理工具：sudo apt install net-tools2.输入ifconfig命令查看有ip地址的那个网卡的名称3.查看netplan管理network的配置文件：ls /etc/netplan/一般都是01-network-manager-all.yaml文件4.修改ip配置信息：sudo vi /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml输入以下内容：5.重启网络或主机，检查网络状态重启网络：netplan apply有时候重启网络生效比较慢或者无效，这时需要重启主机：sudo reboot检查ip是否是想要的静态ip：ifconfig检查dns配置是否可用：ping www.baidu.com至此，Ubuntu18.04初始化配置完成。}

最近在尝试使用Ubuntu，并遇到了一个坑我安装的是Ubuntu16.04LTS，其内置了Python2.7，但我想要使用Python3所以就安装了自带的Python3软件包，结果发现版本是3.5于是我开始作死安装Python3.6,结果还安装完成了，并且也成功地将默认Python版本换成了Python3.6.3就在我欣喜的时候我发现终端打不开了，点击图标显示正在打开但并不能打开，使用Ctrl+alt+T也打不开于是开始查找解决办法，最终在以下贴中找到方法：https://blog.csdn.net/u010395144/article/details/52794947https://blog.csdn.net/jaket5219999/article/details/78465251解决思路如下：先找到能打开的shell来寻找错误，于是用Ctrl+Alt+F1进入命令行模式登录账号密码后进入正常的命令行查找终端的问题：$ gnome-terminal
报以下错误：Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/gnome-terminal", line 9, in <module>
from gi.repository import GLib, Gio
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/__init__.py", line 42, in <module>
from . import _gi
ImportError: cannot import name '_gi'
于是度娘了ImportError: cannot import name '_gi’后找到第二个帖子，发现可能是装Python时遗留下来的问题进入路径：/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/看看，里面的_gi_cairo.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-g文件和_gi.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so文件需要重命名或复制一份为：_gi_cairo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-g和_gi.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so按Ctrl+Alt+F7回到桌面，再尝试打开终端，终于出现了熟悉的画面～}